Effects of Poverty on Children-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: How poverty effects on the childrens health and wellbeing in tea estates in Sri Lanka. Answer: Introduction According to the report of UNICEF, Sri Lanka is among those developing nations, which is recovering poverty and the poverty related issues on a fast pace. It has been recorded by the UNICEF report of the year 2009, that no child has been recruited from the year 2009 and Sri Lanka has successfully completed the Security Council-mandated programs (Deckard 2015). At the same time, it has been identified that Sri Lanka has shown a fair amount of progress in working on the rehabilitation as well as reintegration of all the former child combatants. Sri-Lanka has also made a successful approach to the need of Child-friendly education and it has helped the country in encouraging schools and communities to work together for addressing the necessities of the out-of-school children. In Sri-Lanka, most of the out-of-school children belong to the tea-estate (Galgamuwa et al. 2017). Most disappointingly, instead of pursuing the aforementioned progress, the country could not have properly addressed the crisis existing among the children of the tea estate. The reason for the drop outs is immense poverty and according to varied studies, the socio-economic status of more than 61% of the households of the estate sector belong to the below the poverty level (Ilyas 2014). Most importantly, according to the domestic census and the statistic report of 2003, the highest level of intra-sector level poverty is found in the tea or estate sector of Sri Lanka. Studies have also highlighted the fact that lack of development in the infrastructure ground and lack of medical benefits have become crucial for the cognitive, social and mental development of the children belonging to the place (Infanti et a;. 2015). It is also to mention in this context that, the consistent rate of domestic poverty has escalated disadvantages for the children of the estate sector and at the same time has reduced future opportunities for them. There are still need of studies, which will depict the true scene of the welfare of the children and their health in the estate area of Sri Lanka. Hence, aim of the following paper is to prepare a research proposal and the considered topic is the unfortunate impact of poverty on the health as well as wellbeing of the children in the estate or tea state of Sri Lanka. Therefore, the paper will propose a convenient yet fruitful research methodology as well as an expected research outcome. Literature review Present socio-economic condition of the tea estate of Sri Lanka The tea estate of Sri Lanka is being deprived for a long time and according to (), the residents of the premise believe that the condition of the overall condition have deteriorated more over the last fifteen years. Unfortunately, such stagnation has not been experienced by any of the communities of the rubber sector in Sri Lanka (Kumanayake et al. 2014). It is true that a small and probably ignorable percentage of poor lives live in the estate sector of Sri Lanka, unfortunately highest amount of incidence of intra-sector poverty have been found in the tea state of Sri Lanka. Presently, it is being claimed by the government that general improvements in terms of varied aspects like health, education as well as housing have been achieved by the estate sector of Sri Lanka (Kurihara 2014). The claim cannot be ignored as per the reason that the long due citizenship rights have been finally given to the estate community though unfortunately ID cards as well as other basic documents are not accomplishing the demand. Nevertheless, the health sector and the health of the children in the particular premise is improvising for the last couple of years as per the reason, both the CBR (Crude birth rate) as well as CDR (Crude death rate) have steadily declined (Liyanaarachchi et al. 2016). At the same time, steady decline in the infant mortality rates in the region is also visible. The rate of infant mortality has declined from 38.6% to directly 14.2% (Mnnikk-Barbutiu et al. 2016). However, it is disappointing that the child-education rate in the tea estate is still far behind from the education rates in the other states of the nation. As per 2004s estimation, the literacy rate of male and female children in the estate region have been 88.3% and 74.7% respectively, while the percentage of the same is 95.9% and 93.8% in the urban place respectively (Mnnikk-Barbutiu et al. 2016). On the other hand, as per the housing, recently the government of Sri Lanka started varied housing programs like re-roofing pro gram, program of roofing as well as upgrading, building new individual houses and two storey houses. However, as per varied studies, the occupation of each of the single unit houses in the estate sector is low and it is perceived that the low occupation level of the estate is consistently hindering the success of the housing plans made by the government. Situation of the children of the estate sector From the report of Child Survey of 2016 by the department of Census and Statistics, the rate of working children belonging to the estate region is more than 2,321 (Qiao et al. 2016). However, the number is a signal of fortune for the estate region, as per the reason, that the number of working children is far higher in the rural and urban places of Sri Lanka. However, the aforementioned number may sound fortunate apparently, though it has been identified that a large number of children belonging to the descendent families of the South Indian labors are presently employed in the tea plantation. Therefore, illiteracy and health issues as well as accidents while working have become a consistent matter for the estate region. Most importantly, as per the Socio-economic survey report, more than 45% of the inhabitants belonging to the descendent families of the Tamil families are found to have no opportunity for schooling till now (Simpson 2014). On the other side, due to lack of maternity facilities and proper nutrients, infancy death rate has been stagnant in the tea estate region. Moreover, till now chronic diseases like Pneumonia, Bronchitis and Diarrhea are till now common in the place (Wickramasinghe 2015). It is unfortunate to denote that the percentage of children with a health card is low in the tea estate sector of Sri Lanka. Along with the health and social condition, the situation regarding the cognitive development is low in the tea estates of Sri Lanka. According to the current status, the rate of mentality disable children is high in urban, rural and the tea state of Sri Lanka (Wijetunga and Sung 2015). Aims and objectives The aim of the research paper will be to identify the harmful impacts of poverty on the health as well as wellbeing of the children in the tea states or estate sector in Sri Lanka. Therefore, following the aforementioned aim and the considered problem statement, the objects, which the research project is expected to accomplish, are the following To identify the evil factors, which restrict the children of the tea estate of Sri Lanka from accessing a proper health To identify the current economic and social condition of the tea state or estate sector of Sri Lanka To identify the partial answers to resolve the health issues, which chiefly minimize the child development To identify the strategies, which can be taken to recover the condition of the health and social welfare of the children of the tea estate Methodology Research philosophy, design and approach In order to pursue the study in a systematic and fruitful way, there is the need of a proper set of methodology, which should be proposed in the present premise. First of all, the research should follow the philosophy of realism as per the reason; the research project only requires concentrating on the practical experiences and incidents, which have taken place in the tea state of Sri Lanka. Unlike the other research philosophy, the philosophy of realism claims that whatever is worth believing approximates the reality. The philosophy of realism will be accompanied by a deductive research approach as per the reason; the paper is going to extract the consequences of poverty on the health and wellbeing of the children in the tea state of Sri Lanka. Moreover, the aforementioned research philosophy and research approach will be followed by a descriptive research design. Considering the research aim and objective, it is understandable that without the help of descriptive research design th e research paper can successfully evaluate the issues of poverty and its consequences in a detailed manner. Moreover, with the help of descriptive research design, the paper can successfully pursue observation and survey, which will be necessary for acquiring relevant data for the project. Data collection and analysis Considering the aim and objectives of the above-presented proposal, it is understandable that the grandeur of the issue is wide and thus, only primary data collection procedures will not be enough for the research project to rely solely on the primary research methods. The context needs to apply the following procedure Data collection from archives and existing survey paper In order to collect relevant and an adequate amount of data, the research project would highly rely on the existing archives Sri Lanka and their information. In that case, the research paper will collect data from existing survey papers as well as from the online news article regarding child poverty and its impact on the estate region. Moreover, the inclusive criteria of the online newspaper articles will be that online newspaper articles will allowed from present and 10 years earlier publication. Data collection through primary research Following the need to collect personal experiences and perceptions of the individuals residing in the tea estate of Sri Lanka, the research project will pursue a quantitative survey research among twenty families living in the estate region. Sampling and collection instrument The secondary data will be gathered from the archives, survey paper as well as from the online newspapers. For the primary data, an on-field data collection method or survey will be applied on the estate sector of Sri Lanka and questions on number of children, literacy level and health conditions along with employment and earning condition will be asked. Expected outcome If the research project will accurately accomplish the above-mentioned methodology, then it is expected that an in-depth knowledge regarding the following aspects will be positively acquired Reasons of current poverty in the tea states Impact of the poverty on the children health of the tea states Number of children drop outs from schools of the tea states Impact of current poverty on the cognitive and social development of children of the tea states Work plan/time table For accomplishing the aforementioned methodology, the following schedule will be followed Activities 1st to 3rd Week 4th to 10th week 11th to 13th Week 14th to 17th Week 18th to 21st Week 22nd to 23rd Week 24th Week Selection of the topic Data collection from secondary sources Creating layout Literature review Analysis and interpretation of collected data Findings of the data Conclusion of the study Formation of draft Submission of final work References Athukorala, P.C. and Jayasuriya, S., 2013. Economic policy shifts in Sri Lanka: the post-conflict development challenge.Asian Economic Papers,12(2), pp.1-28. Aturupane, H., Glewwe, P. and Wisniewski, S., 2013. The impact of school quality, socioeconomic factors, and child health on students academic performance: evidence from Sri Lankan primary schools.Education Economics,21(1), pp.2-37. Deckard, S., 2015. The Land Was Wounded: War Ecologies, Commodity Frontiers, and Sri Lankan Literature.Ecocriticism of the Global South, p.35. Galgamuwa, L.S., Iddawela, D., Dharmaratne, S.D. and Galgamuwa, G.L.S., 2017. Nutritional status and correlated socio-economic factors among preschool and school children in plantation communities, Sri Lanka.BMC public health,17(1), p.377. Ilyas, A.H., 2014. Estate Tamils of Sri Lankaa socio economic review.International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology,6(6), pp.184-191. Infanti, J.J., Lund, R., Muzrif, M.M., Schei, B., Wijewardena, K. and ADVANCE study team, 2015. Addressing domestic violence through antenatal care in Sri Lanka's plantation estates: Contributions of public health midwives.Social Science Medicine,145, pp.35-43. Kumanayake, N.S., Estudillo, J.P. and Otsuka, K., 2014. Changing sources of household income, poverty, and sectoral inequality in Sri Lanka, 19902006.The Developing Economies,52(1), pp.26-51. Kurihara, S., 2014. Citizen for LaborPolicy and practice for structural poverty over Estate Tamils in the tea plantation community of Sri Lanka.Hatton, Sri Lanka: Upcountry Research and Documentation Center. Liyanaarachchi, T.S., Naranpanawa, A. and Bandara, J.S., 2016. Impact of trade liberalisation on labour market and poverty in Sri Lanka. An integrated macro-micro modelling approach.Economic Modelling,59, pp.102-115. Mnnikk-Barbutiu, S., Westin, T., Peiris, R. and Mozelius, P., 2016, September. Telecenters for the Future in Tea Estates of Sri Lanka. InIFIP World Information Technology Forum(pp. 121-131). Springer International Publishing. Qiao, Y., Halberg, N., Vaheesan, S. and Scott, S., 2016. Assessing the social and economic benefits of organic and fair trade tea production for small-scale farmers in Asia: a comparative case study of China and Sri Lanka.Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems,31(03), pp.246-257. Simpson, E.S., 2014.The developing world: an introduction. Routledge. Wickramasinghe, N., 2015.Sri Lanka in the modern age: a history. Oxford University Press. Wijetunga, C.S. and Sung, J.S., 2015. Valuing the cultural landscapes past and present: Tea plantations in Sri Lanka.Landscape Research,40(6), pp.668-683.

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Fahrenheit 451 essays

Fahrenheit 451 essays Fahrenheit 451 is a futuristic novel, telling the story of a time where books and independent thinking are outlawed. Books and ideas are destroyed, books are incinerated, where as ideas thinking becomes a danger to society and is not tolerated. The Hearth and the Salamander is the title of part one. The salamander represents the main character of Guy Montag. Montag's occupation as a fireman is to burn books and text to erase their existence and impact on thinking. The symbol of a Phoenix is used throughout the novel. The Phoenix was a mythical bird of ancient Arabian legend. The Phoenix symbolizes the rebirth after destruction by fire. Firemen wear a crest of the Phoenix on their uniforms. Montag, after realizing the truth of his job, opens his eyes and sees that fire and destruction has indeed destroyed his newly gained ideals, he wishes to be reborn. With his new ideas of knowledge, he goes to Faber with ideas to save the books, and he hides books in his house. Montag ev en goes as far as stealing books from houses that he is supposed to be destroying. Phoenix is "reborn" only to get burnt and destroyed, again. Like the Phoenix, Guy's life is a cycle of getting burnt and rebirth, until one time the away Montag escapes and where Montag kills Capt. Beatty by igniting him with the liquid fire. For Montag, fire has been good to serve the purpose of being a fireman. Fire is one of the only things Montag knows, and the only thing he knows as a solution is to burn the problem. Capt. Beatty has taught Guy that fire is the solution to everything, when in reality, fire destroyed books, homes, people, Capt. Beatty, Montag's house, and in the end, it destroyed the city from which Montag barely escaped. However, fire also symbolizes something else, warmth and hope. It is not until the very end that Guy realizes that fire does not have to be destructive, it is a tool which can have many uses. After meeting the othe ...

Significant Events of the Delaware Colony

Significant Events of the Delaware Colony The Delaware colony was founded in 1638 by European colonists from the Netherlands and Sweden. Its history includes occupations by the Dutch, Swedish, British- and the colony of Pennsylvania, which included Delaware until 1703. Fast Facts: Delaware Colony Also Known As: New Netherland, New SwedenNamed After: Then-governor of Virginia, Lord de la WarrFounding Country: Netherlands, SwedenFounding Year: 1638First Known European Landing: Samuel ArgallResidential Native Communities: Lenni Lenape and NanticokeFounders: Peter Minuit and the New Sweden CompanyImportant People: James, Duke of York, William Penn Early Arrivals The first European arrivals in the area occurred in the early 17th century when the Dutch were involved in establishing many trading posts and colonies around the world including in North America. Henry Hudson had been hired by the Dutch to explore the New World in 1609 and he discovered and named the Hudson River. By 1611, the Dutch had established fur trading enterprises with the Native Americans called the Lenni Lenape. In 1614, Fort Nassau, on what is the Hudson River near Gloucester, New Jersey, was the earliest Dutch settlement in the New World. Peter Minuit and the New Sweden Company In 1637, Swedish explorers and stockholders created the New Sweden Company to explore and trade in the New World, under a charter with Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus. Adolphus died in 1632, and his daughter and successor Queen Christina took over the charters administration. Christinas chancellor formed the New Sweden Company in 1637 and hired Peter Minuit. Minuit was a German-born Dutch resident likely of French Huguenot ancestry, who had previously been the governor of New Netherland from 1626 to 1631 and is most well known for the purchase of Manhattan Island. In March of 1638, Minuit and his two ships, Key of Kalmar and the Griffin, landed at the mouth of a river they named Christina, in what is now Wilmington and founded the first permanent colony in Delaware. Annexed to New Netherland While the Dutch and Swedes coexisted for some time, the incursion of the Dutch into New Sweden territory saw its leader, Johan Rising, move against some Dutch settlements. In 1655, Peter Stuyvesant, New Netherlands governor, sent armed ships to New Sweden. The colony surrendered without a fight.  Thus, the area that was once New Sweden then became part of New Netherland.   British Ownership The British and Dutch were direct competitors during the 17th century. England felt they had a claim to the prosperous New Netherland territory due to the explorations by John Cabot made in 1498. In 1660, with the restoration of Charles II to the throne of England, the Dutch feared the British would attack their territory and forged an alliance with the French against the British. In response, Charles II  gave his brother, James, the Duke of York, New Netherland in March 1664. This annexation of New Netherland required a show of force. James sent a fleet of ships to New Netherland to demand its surrender. Peter Stuyvesant agreed. While the northern part of the New Netherland was named New York, the lower part was leased to William Penn as the lower counties on the Delaware. Penn wanted access to the sea from Pennsylvania. Thus, the territory was part of Pennsylvania until 1703. In addition, Delaware continued to share a governor with Pennsylvania until the Revolutionary War, even though it had its own representative assembly.   Beginning the War of Independence In October 1765, Delaware sent two delegates to a congress of the colonies in New York to deliberate on a joint colonial response to recent British measures, in particular, the Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765. The two men were landholder Caesar Rodney and attorney Thomas McKean: the two men and assemblyman George Read would continue to play a role in the movement for independence.   Delaware declared its independence from Great Britain on June 15, 1776, and signed the declaration of independence with its fellow colonies on July 4. Sources Delaware Facts. Delaware Historical SocietyMunroe, John A. History of Delaware, 5th ed. Cranbury NJ: University of Delaware Press, 2006.Wiener, Roberta and James R. Arnold. Delaware: The History of Delaware Colony, 1638–1776. Chicago, Raintree, 2005.

HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY QUESTION ASSIGNMENT - 2

HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY QUESTION - Assignment Example Increased hypothalamus functions causes secretion of follicle stimulating hormone that mark the onset of puberty (Wilkosz et al., 6). FSH stimulates ovarian follicle to secrete oestrogen and adrenal gland to secrete androgens. Sex steroid causes secondary sexual characteristics of puberty. Sperms develop from spermatogonia mature into primary spermatocytes. Secondary spermatocytes form after first meiotic division of the primary spermatocytes. Secondary spermatocytes undergo second meiotic division to spermatids. Both divisions take place in the seminiferous tubules after which spermatids migrate to the sertoli cells (McLafferty et al., 38). Maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa involves leydig cells that produce GnRH, LH (ICSH), DHT, testosterone, ABP, and inhibin that regulate spermatogenesis. The epididymis stores mature sperms. Upon sufficient stimulation, spermatozoa move through vas deferens, ampulla, ejaculatory duct , urethra then outside the body. The tubular pathway contracts to propel the ejaculate. Semen consist of secretions form the prostate, seminal and seminal vesicles. The secretions neutralise urine PH and provide nutrition to

Compare of Artwork the Mayan and Apulian Bowls Research Paper - 1

Compare of Artwork the Mayan and Apulian Bowls - Research Paper Example The Apulian Lekanis: Head of a Woman and Winged Genie, and Bowl and Lid with Boar Head is credited as a gift to Mrs. Henry E. Perry in the late 4th century B.C. This work was created as part of Greek culture. It falls under the visual labor sculpture using terracotta as the medium and is currently visible in Indianapolis museum under the Classical collection. Conversely, the bowl and lid with boar head is the work credited to the Maya culture and falls under the Native American collection. The creation date was around 350-500 A.C and the art is credited as a gift of Bonnie and David Ross. The materials used include slithered and painted earthenware. Amongst the Apulian or South Italian vases, some of the common themes were transcendent sections of love and merriment (Indianapolis Museum of Art n.p). The urns were then offered to the dead with the offering venue being the tombs. The Lekanis portrayed red-figures of ladies of style. These Lekanis were routinely on the lids secluded fro m each other by huge palmettes on both sides (Ambrose 14). Additionally, each lady had a half palmette in front of her and behind her a volute. Some of the attributes of the Lekanis were that they were identical in terms of Stephane, Saccos, and neatly comprehensive ribbons. The lid of the Apulian vases also had winged genies. The Greeks believed that the genies would help with the valedictory rites and with the switch to the afterworld. Unlike the Apulian Lekanis, the Bowl with a Boar Head was mostly used to recognize Maya civilization (Indianapolis Museum of Art n.p). The boar was linked with the heavens and the sun’s movement. Additionally, the Bowl with a Boar Head was an earthenware container and not a sculptured container like the Apulian Lekanis. The boar head was used as a handle for opening the boar and not just a decorative picture.  Ã‚  

Educating Rita Essay Example for Free

Educating Rita Essay Willy Russell was born just outside Liverpool, but at the age of 5, moved to Knowsley. Academically he was a failure at school, but it was during English silent reading lessons that he realized he wanted to be a writer. He left school with an English O level as his only qualification to work for six years as a hairdresser. The plays he has written include: Our Day Out, Educating Rita, Blood Brothers. Blood Brothers was a musical written in the 1980s about twin brothers who are separated at birth, but in later years become friends. They are friends throughout their childhood and always look out for each other. The play starts at the end, then goes back and tells the events that lead to the situations. Class was a major issue covered in the play the Lyons family was upper class and the Johnson family was lower class. If this class system wasnt in the play then the meeting of Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. Lyons would not have happened, Mrs. Lyons employed Mrs. Johnson to clean her house so if the two different classes werent addressed in the play then Edward would have stayed with Mrs. Johnson, so this issue was also a theme that had a useful part in the play. The play is also built upon the theme of the superstition that if twins are separated at birth then they will die on the day that they discover that they are twins. This theme is reinforced throughout the play by the words of the narrator to keep the audience thinking about what will happen. The first time we see the theme of superstition is when the narrator first begins to speak and he says, So did you hear the story of the Johnston twins? How one was kept and one Given away Never knowing that they shared one name till the day they died At the end of the play the narrators last few lines are do we blame superstition for what came to pass or could it be what we, the English come to know as class. I think this is a very true statement that the class system is what killed them. Also the themes of love and friendship were in the play, this was between Eddy and Mickey who where blood brothers and Linda was in love with Mickey. The narrators songs had verses in most of the songs that stuck in my head, these were the lines to do with superstition like shoes on the table and the devils got your number. Act 2, Scene 2 shows the first meeting between the two boys. This is where Willy Russell explores class difference. He does this by contrasting the backgrounds that the boys were brought up in. Mickey, the twin that was kept, was brought up in a working class background with little money and uses slang terms and vulgar language, Im pissed off. Whereas Edward was brought up in a family that had a car, a nice house and plenty of money. This meant that he would have a better education and therefore have better opportunities in life. He also speaks very well and posh. Eddie is absolutely fascinated by the way that Mickey speaks as the people he is around dont usually speak like that, You say smashing things dont you? . My initial opinion of Eddie is hat he is friendly and confident, Are you going to come and play there again? , because he just goes over and starts talking to Mickey. Mickeys initial reaction is that he is suspicious of why Eddie started talking to him. Another time that Mickey is suspicious is when Eddie offers him some sweets. His reaction is one of shock, Are you soft? . I think he reacts like this because the people he grew up with had little as are poor and cant share what they do have. He also worries that people may have tampered with it, if Sammy gives you a sweet hes usually weed on it first. Ironically this is the scene where the two boys make a pact to become Blood Brothers. In Act 4, Scene 2 the difference in class becomes more apparent. Eddie returns at Christmas from university while Mickey is struggling to provide a living for his family. The brotherly bond between them seems to have disappeared.