John Lewis And The Civil Rights - 868 Words

Have you ever wanted to learn information about the Civil Rights but format of the information is dull. It seems to be that way with many subjects. However, March is unlike most other historical documents. It is about Congressman John Lewis of Georgia and how he became involved in the Civil Rights. The difference with this book is the medium chosen for the work of art. Lewis, also the author, chose to present this information as a graphic novel. He got his inspiration and idea for this from a comic he read in the 1950s. This answers as to whom the book was actually written for since what adult reads graphic novels. This novel is intended for the younger generation and to help them grasp a better idea of what really happened during the Civil Rights time period. Lewis uses childhood stories and young adult incidents to show how he was influenced into the man he is today. The novel reaches out to younger generations by creating a medium that relates to youth, involving memories relative to the audiences age, and adding in an expository view to the novel. Graphic novels have become a large seller in the book category lately. Between 2002 and 2006, comic book sales quintupled from seventy-five-million dollars to three-hundred thirty-million dollars. This is a key clue as to why Lewis chose a graphic novel as his medium. He wanted to help the younger generation understand where racial equality was founded from and the hard work and determination it took to fight forShow MoreRelatedJohn Lewis And The Civil Rights Movement1477 Words   |  6 PagesFactors That Led John Lewis to Become the Man He Is Today During the civil rights era, there were many iconic figures who created everlasting change. Although there were many individuals who did such thing, there were certain people who caused more of a major impact than others during this time in history. One of those icons were John Lewis, who teamed up with Andrew Aydin to create the March trilogy. These pieces examined John Lewis himself and his path throughout the civil rights movement. ThereRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement During The September Trilogy By John Lewis And Andrew Aydin1366 Words   |  6 Pagessections of various social media platforms today. Disagreements even happened in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. In the March trilogy by John Lewis and Andrew Aydin, you see these differences of opinion play out. March is about the story of John Lewis’ early life and later on, his involvement in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the fight for equal rights. Although the Civil Rights Mo vement resulted in desegregation, which wouldn’t have been possible without the contributionRead MoreImpact Of Nonviolence On The Civil Rights Movement912 Words   |  4 PagesNonviolence and It’s Impact on the Civil Rights Movement The success of the fight for racial equality, also known as the Civil Rights Movement, in the United States was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between the 1950s and the 1960s, civil rights activists practiced non violence in hopes to end racial segregation and discrimination across the country and worldwide. Leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr., Jim Lawson, and John Lewis believed strongly in this philosophy of nonviolenceRead MoreSummary Of March : Book One And March, By John Lewis1231 Words   |  5 PagesChrist is John Lewis. In March: Book One and March: Book Two, written by John Lewis and Andrew Aydin, we can clearly see how Lewis incorporated Christianity and Gandhis ideas of peaceful protest into the civil rights movement. The books tell an eventful story of John Lewis life. As Lewis grew up, his faith strengthened and he began involving himself in the civil rights movement. He played a major role in desegregating department store lunch counters, buses, and giving voting rights to peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of Speech At The March On Washington1146 Words   |  5 Pagesdeclares John Lewis. Speeches such as this one, have the capacity to move the masses. Over the civil rights era, there have been multiple legendary speeches that were very successful in creating the change needed by the civil rights organization, however one continues to shine through. This oration was given on the March on Washington D.C. and it was dubbed â€Å"Speech At The March On Washington†, which was given by John Lewis. This lecture had a persuasive element towards it because John Lewis used logicalRead MoreAnalysis Of John Lewis s The Movement 1666 Words   |  7 PagesSegregation and civil rights movements are familiar words that reflects some of the good, bad and ugly pasts of the United States of America. Though these events had its history for many centuries, but its extension into modern times created a culture that almost truncated the am azing potentials that diversity has been destined to bring to the United States. John Lewis Memoir of the movement gave a definitive insight to this period in the American history. Congressman John Robert Lewis was the childRead MoreAnalysis Of John Lewis And Martin Luther King858 Words   |  4 Pages From John Lewis to Martin Luther King we can only thank these people for stepping out of the social and cultural norm to create change with the inspirations of religion. Even with the flaws in the church today, it still will never be the same because of the actions of these men and women who decided to let religion motivate them to act. This is a piece of history that will forever affect us and hopefully inspire us to stand up for what we believe in no matter what the opposition. The ideals of ChristianityRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. And Congressman John Lewis Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesamong historians that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Congressman John Lewis are arguably two of the most important men in the Civil Rights Movement. Both of these men, Dr. Martin Luther King, in context of his involvement with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and John Lewis, in context of his involvement with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, left indelible impacts on the trajectory and success of the civil rights movement writ-large. While it is important to recognize the collectiveRead MoreThe Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)1699 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature memorializing the Civil Rights movement, no one individual is more prominently represented than Martin Luther King Jr. . He is remembered in books, statues, and even streets bearing his name in almost every city. One historian said, â€Å"We trapped King in rom antic images†¦ frozen his legacy in worship.† King has become the martyr of the Civil Rights Movement and his legacy has thus overshadowed the legacy of the other activists and groups who helped move the Civil Rights movement forward, includingRead MoreWhite Resistance to the Civil Rights Movement Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesCivil Rights Throughout Reconstruction, southern whites felt constantly threatened by legislation providing rights for former slaves. The Civil Rights Bill of 1875 was the last rights bill passed by congress during reconstruction. It protected all Americans’ (including blacks) access to public accommodations such as trains. With the threat of complete equality constantly looming, violence toward former slaves gradually increased in the years following the Civil War. Beatings and murders

Why Are Black Boys Failing in School - 4668 Words

McCalip, Quiana ENGL 102 D01 Professor R. Mullen Long Research Rough Draft Why Are The Black Males Failing Within American Educational System? What Can We Do? It is easy to point the finger but harder to find a solution as to why the black male child is failing in school. There are several crucial factors that contribute to this epidemic including, parents are not communicating with the teachers, the socioeconomic status of the child s family, and the father s absence in the child s life. Each of these topics intertwine with one another and is preventing a race of young men who will not be given the chance to excel in life. The worst teachers are the parents. Teaching starts at home from the time the†¦show more content†¦It is instilled in most parents to defend their young with that being said, parents should listen to both sides of the story before assuming that the teacher was wrong in their actions. Parents+ Teachers= A successful student. Another problem with parents not teaming up with teachers is the fear of being c alled a â€Å"bad parent†. Most parents of black students do not regularly attend teacher/ parent conferences. These conferences are held usually between the sixth and eight week of school and during these meetings parents get a chance to voice any concerns they might have as well as the teachers suggestions. (Cushman 11). One might ask how can a parent send their child to school without ever meeting the teacher? There are several problems associated with black parents and the school system which I discuss in depth later in the paper. Parents just do not place enough emphasis on their child s education and in turn the child doesn t either. There is no way that a child could fail if their parents are in continuous communication with his teacher, yes, during these times there is simply not enough hours in the day but if a parent does not care about their child s future how can expect anyone else to?† Black children are falling farther behind and are victims of an educatio nal system that is failing them.† ( Muhammad 2). If parents do not realize that a teacher alone can not defeat this task alone, that it takes a village to raise a family its sad to say thatShow MoreRelatedUsing Material from Item a and Elsewhere, Assess the Claim That Gender Differences in Educational Achievement Are Primarily the Result of Changes in Society1188 Words   |  5 Pagesbread winner role. This further creates a new financially independent, career-minded role model for girls. The need for good qualifications is made very clear and the girls aspirations tend to require academic effort. Becky Francis points out that boys are more likely to have career aspirations that are not only unrealistic but often require few formal qualifications, e.g. professional footballer. Evidence suggests that girls are more likely to spend their leisure time in ways which complimentRead More‚Äà ²Discuss How Far Sociologists Would Agree That Teenage Criminal and Deviant Behaviour Results from Parents Failing to Socialise Their Children Correctly‚Äà ´977 Words   |  4 Pages‘Discuss how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly’ In this essay I will be discussing how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly. 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I believe that if the classrooms were kept strict like the first one I visited, yet more encouraging like the second, they would see higher achievement within the students. E-Prep was not at all close to what I expected it to be, especially for an urban school. The students were constantly engaged in conversation, the teachersRead MoreSarah Louise s Relationship Between Race, Class And Gender Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagesbiographical film explores the relationship between race, class and gender and how each aspect influenced the sister’s lives for better or for worse. Throughout their lives, Bessie and Sadie Delany experienced various forms of oppression for firstly, being black and secondly, for being women. The description above refers to the term ‘intersectionality’. Intersectionality is a feminist sociological theory that seeks to examine how various cultural categories such as gender, race, and class contribute to socialRead MoreThere Are No Children Here - Book Review1651 Words   |  7 PagesAlex Kotlowitz Summary There Are No Children Here is a story of the struggles two preteen boys live with while growing up in the projects. From the first pages the scene is set amongst the all too familiar gun fire blazing through the neighborhood. This story is of eleven year old Lafeyette and nine year old Pharoah dealing with the daily fight for survival in inner-city Chicago circa 1987. The boys are living in an apartment at the Henry Horner housing complex with their mother, LaJoe, theirRead MoreWaiting for Superman Visual Rhetoric Paper1390 Words   |  6 Pagessave us.† Just as many children look up to fictional characters such as Superman, parents rich or poor, look up to our school system to educate their children. 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Apparently, 54% of most Africans males actually graduate from high school, that’s not badRead MoreRichard Wright s Writing Style1731 Words   |  7 Pagesplantation owners, while Richard’s mother was a school teacher. (Shuman 1697)Because of the constant beatings, Wright was obedient to all types of authority but anxiety and distrust formed in his mind. Richard unintentionally set his grandparents’ house Francois 2 on fire, but instead of fearing the very thing that could burn and kill him, he placed himself in greater danger by attempting to flee beatings from his parents. (Hart 512) In Black Boy, Wright’s autobiography, he expresses, â€Å"I was

Effects of Poverty on Children-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: How poverty effects on the childrens health and wellbeing in tea estates in Sri Lanka. Answer: Introduction According to the report of UNICEF, Sri Lanka is among those developing nations, which is recovering poverty and the poverty related issues on a fast pace. It has been recorded by the UNICEF report of the year 2009, that no child has been recruited from the year 2009 and Sri Lanka has successfully completed the Security Council-mandated programs (Deckard 2015). At the same time, it has been identified that Sri Lanka has shown a fair amount of progress in working on the rehabilitation as well as reintegration of all the former child combatants. Sri-Lanka has also made a successful approach to the need of Child-friendly education and it has helped the country in encouraging schools and communities to work together for addressing the necessities of the out-of-school children. In Sri-Lanka, most of the out-of-school children belong to the tea-estate (Galgamuwa et al. 2017). Most disappointingly, instead of pursuing the aforementioned progress, the country could not have properly addressed the crisis existing among the children of the tea estate. The reason for the drop outs is immense poverty and according to varied studies, the socio-economic status of more than 61% of the households of the estate sector belong to the below the poverty level (Ilyas 2014). Most importantly, according to the domestic census and the statistic report of 2003, the highest level of intra-sector level poverty is found in the tea or estate sector of Sri Lanka. Studies have also highlighted the fact that lack of development in the infrastructure ground and lack of medical benefits have become crucial for the cognitive, social and mental development of the children belonging to the place (Infanti et a;. 2015). It is also to mention in this context that, the consistent rate of domestic poverty has escalated disadvantages for the children of the estate sector and at the same time has reduced future opportunities for them. There are still need of studies, which will depict the true scene of the welfare of the children and their health in the estate area of Sri Lanka. Hence, aim of the following paper is to prepare a research proposal and the considered topic is the unfortunate impact of poverty on the health as well as wellbeing of the children in the estate or tea state of Sri Lanka. Therefore, the paper will propose a convenient yet fruitful research methodology as well as an expected research outcome. Literature review Present socio-economic condition of the tea estate of Sri Lanka The tea estate of Sri Lanka is being deprived for a long time and according to (), the residents of the premise believe that the condition of the overall condition have deteriorated more over the last fifteen years. Unfortunately, such stagnation has not been experienced by any of the communities of the rubber sector in Sri Lanka (Kumanayake et al. 2014). It is true that a small and probably ignorable percentage of poor lives live in the estate sector of Sri Lanka, unfortunately highest amount of incidence of intra-sector poverty have been found in the tea state of Sri Lanka. Presently, it is being claimed by the government that general improvements in terms of varied aspects like health, education as well as housing have been achieved by the estate sector of Sri Lanka (Kurihara 2014). The claim cannot be ignored as per the reason that the long due citizenship rights have been finally given to the estate community though unfortunately ID cards as well as other basic documents are not accomplishing the demand. Nevertheless, the health sector and the health of the children in the particular premise is improvising for the last couple of years as per the reason, both the CBR (Crude birth rate) as well as CDR (Crude death rate) have steadily declined (Liyanaarachchi et al. 2016). At the same time, steady decline in the infant mortality rates in the region is also visible. The rate of infant mortality has declined from 38.6% to directly 14.2% (Mnnikk-Barbutiu et al. 2016). However, it is disappointing that the child-education rate in the tea estate is still far behind from the education rates in the other states of the nation. As per 2004s estimation, the literacy rate of male and female children in the estate region have been 88.3% and 74.7% respectively, while the percentage of the same is 95.9% and 93.8% in the urban place respectively (Mnnikk-Barbutiu et al. 2016). On the other hand, as per the housing, recently the government of Sri Lanka started varied housing programs like re-roofing pro gram, program of roofing as well as upgrading, building new individual houses and two storey houses. However, as per varied studies, the occupation of each of the single unit houses in the estate sector is low and it is perceived that the low occupation level of the estate is consistently hindering the success of the housing plans made by the government. Situation of the children of the estate sector From the report of Child Survey of 2016 by the department of Census and Statistics, the rate of working children belonging to the estate region is more than 2,321 (Qiao et al. 2016). However, the number is a signal of fortune for the estate region, as per the reason, that the number of working children is far higher in the rural and urban places of Sri Lanka. However, the aforementioned number may sound fortunate apparently, though it has been identified that a large number of children belonging to the descendent families of the South Indian labors are presently employed in the tea plantation. Therefore, illiteracy and health issues as well as accidents while working have become a consistent matter for the estate region. Most importantly, as per the Socio-economic survey report, more than 45% of the inhabitants belonging to the descendent families of the Tamil families are found to have no opportunity for schooling till now (Simpson 2014). On the other side, due to lack of maternity facilities and proper nutrients, infancy death rate has been stagnant in the tea estate region. Moreover, till now chronic diseases like Pneumonia, Bronchitis and Diarrhea are till now common in the place (Wickramasinghe 2015). It is unfortunate to denote that the percentage of children with a health card is low in the tea estate sector of Sri Lanka. Along with the health and social condition, the situation regarding the cognitive development is low in the tea estates of Sri Lanka. According to the current status, the rate of mentality disable children is high in urban, rural and the tea state of Sri Lanka (Wijetunga and Sung 2015). Aims and objectives The aim of the research paper will be to identify the harmful impacts of poverty on the health as well as wellbeing of the children in the tea states or estate sector in Sri Lanka. Therefore, following the aforementioned aim and the considered problem statement, the objects, which the research project is expected to accomplish, are the following To identify the evil factors, which restrict the children of the tea estate of Sri Lanka from accessing a proper health To identify the current economic and social condition of the tea state or estate sector of Sri Lanka To identify the partial answers to resolve the health issues, which chiefly minimize the child development To identify the strategies, which can be taken to recover the condition of the health and social welfare of the children of the tea estate Methodology Research philosophy, design and approach In order to pursue the study in a systematic and fruitful way, there is the need of a proper set of methodology, which should be proposed in the present premise. First of all, the research should follow the philosophy of realism as per the reason; the research project only requires concentrating on the practical experiences and incidents, which have taken place in the tea state of Sri Lanka. Unlike the other research philosophy, the philosophy of realism claims that whatever is worth believing approximates the reality. The philosophy of realism will be accompanied by a deductive research approach as per the reason; the paper is going to extract the consequences of poverty on the health and wellbeing of the children in the tea state of Sri Lanka. Moreover, the aforementioned research philosophy and research approach will be followed by a descriptive research design. Considering the research aim and objective, it is understandable that without the help of descriptive research design th e research paper can successfully evaluate the issues of poverty and its consequences in a detailed manner. Moreover, with the help of descriptive research design, the paper can successfully pursue observation and survey, which will be necessary for acquiring relevant data for the project. Data collection and analysis Considering the aim and objectives of the above-presented proposal, it is understandable that the grandeur of the issue is wide and thus, only primary data collection procedures will not be enough for the research project to rely solely on the primary research methods. The context needs to apply the following procedure Data collection from archives and existing survey paper In order to collect relevant and an adequate amount of data, the research project would highly rely on the existing archives Sri Lanka and their information. In that case, the research paper will collect data from existing survey papers as well as from the online news article regarding child poverty and its impact on the estate region. Moreover, the inclusive criteria of the online newspaper articles will be that online newspaper articles will allowed from present and 10 years earlier publication. Data collection through primary research Following the need to collect personal experiences and perceptions of the individuals residing in the tea estate of Sri Lanka, the research project will pursue a quantitative survey research among twenty families living in the estate region. Sampling and collection instrument The secondary data will be gathered from the archives, survey paper as well as from the online newspapers. For the primary data, an on-field data collection method or survey will be applied on the estate sector of Sri Lanka and questions on number of children, literacy level and health conditions along with employment and earning condition will be asked. Expected outcome If the research project will accurately accomplish the above-mentioned methodology, then it is expected that an in-depth knowledge regarding the following aspects will be positively acquired Reasons of current poverty in the tea states Impact of the poverty on the children health of the tea states Number of children drop outs from schools of the tea states Impact of current poverty on the cognitive and social development of children of the tea states Work plan/time table For accomplishing the aforementioned methodology, the following schedule will be followed Activities 1st to 3rd Week 4th to 10th week 11th to 13th Week 14th to 17th Week 18th to 21st Week 22nd to 23rd Week 24th Week Selection of the topic Data collection from secondary sources Creating layout Literature review Analysis and interpretation of collected data Findings of the data Conclusion of the study Formation of draft Submission of final work References Athukorala, P.C. and Jayasuriya, S., 2013. Economic policy shifts in Sri Lanka: the post-conflict development challenge.Asian Economic Papers,12(2), pp.1-28. Aturupane, H., Glewwe, P. and Wisniewski, S., 2013. The impact of school quality, socioeconomic factors, and child health on students academic performance: evidence from Sri Lankan primary schools.Education Economics,21(1), pp.2-37. Deckard, S., 2015. The Land Was Wounded: War Ecologies, Commodity Frontiers, and Sri Lankan Literature.Ecocriticism of the Global South, p.35. Galgamuwa, L.S., Iddawela, D., Dharmaratne, S.D. and Galgamuwa, G.L.S., 2017. Nutritional status and correlated socio-economic factors among preschool and school children in plantation communities, Sri Lanka.BMC public health,17(1), p.377. Ilyas, A.H., 2014. Estate Tamils of Sri Lankaa socio economic review.International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology,6(6), pp.184-191. Infanti, J.J., Lund, R., Muzrif, M.M., Schei, B., Wijewardena, K. and ADVANCE study team, 2015. Addressing domestic violence through antenatal care in Sri Lanka's plantation estates: Contributions of public health midwives.Social Science Medicine,145, pp.35-43. Kumanayake, N.S., Estudillo, J.P. and Otsuka, K., 2014. Changing sources of household income, poverty, and sectoral inequality in Sri Lanka, 19902006.The Developing Economies,52(1), pp.26-51. Kurihara, S., 2014. Citizen for LaborPolicy and practice for structural poverty over Estate Tamils in the tea plantation community of Sri Lanka.Hatton, Sri Lanka: Upcountry Research and Documentation Center. Liyanaarachchi, T.S., Naranpanawa, A. and Bandara, J.S., 2016. Impact of trade liberalisation on labour market and poverty in Sri Lanka. An integrated macro-micro modelling approach.Economic Modelling,59, pp.102-115. Mnnikk-Barbutiu, S., Westin, T., Peiris, R. and Mozelius, P., 2016, September. Telecenters for the Future in Tea Estates of Sri Lanka. InIFIP World Information Technology Forum(pp. 121-131). Springer International Publishing. Qiao, Y., Halberg, N., Vaheesan, S. and Scott, S., 2016. Assessing the social and economic benefits of organic and fair trade tea production for small-scale farmers in Asia: a comparative case study of China and Sri Lanka.Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems,31(03), pp.246-257. Simpson, E.S., 2014.The developing world: an introduction. Routledge. Wickramasinghe, N., 2015.Sri Lanka in the modern age: a history. Oxford University Press. Wijetunga, C.S. and Sung, J.S., 2015. Valuing the cultural landscapes past and present: Tea plantations in Sri Lanka.Landscape Research,40(6), pp.668-683.

Snapchats Updates Causing Controversy Essays -

Dr. Cottrill ENG-101 25 March 2015 Snapchats Updates Causing Controversy The New Snapchat Update is rapidly rising as the #1 most used app. It has caused a rave amongst all its users this year. Snap Chat developers have changed on what we expect on mobile apps. It has built so much popularity with teenagers and young adults, most are saying its the hottest Social networking tool since the release of big time apps like Twitter in 2008. Snapchat has given all media publishers a new standard to go by. I say this because, most apps and social networks dont have or arent capable of what Snap Chat is able to now do. They have risen the bar. Some might even say set new expectations if you will. How, you ask? They did it with great innovation and smart business moves causing Snap Chat to bring in some helpful, pass the time additions to their application. These 5 updates were added to Snap Chat in the past two months and could possibly make Snap Chat the #1 used app after a while. The first update they did was the addition of Discover. The Discover slide is a daily update with a select few of the most popular TV network channels. TV network channels such as VICE, CNN, ESPN, People, Warners Music, Food Network, and much more. This quickly became popular to everyone who uses Snap Chat or watches those TV channels. With this, snapchat has brought so much meaning to the term App in such short time. It amazes me how innovative and efficient this app is becoming while other apps are at a standstill. Apparently, Im not the only one who is impressed with Snapchat. Discovers user interface is devilishly clever. Just open the menu, pick one of twelve channels, and browse animated story teasers from that channel The next day, you get an entirely different set of stories. Its a good medium for browsing while youre on the bus, in the bathroom, or waiting for someone at a restaurant. And, at least for now, the channels are putting a lot of effort into making their stories v isually appealing. Most post five or so stories per day, though Ive seen as many as fifteen. (Roose par. 5). Snap Chat knows America is constantly on the go. People are always ripping and running now a days. No one has time to sit down and watch their favorite TV channels anymore. So, Snap Chat has found a way to advance their #1 used app campaign by giving the busy people of America a way to stay updated and in the know with their favorite TV network channels. Im not talking like all reports or something either. They also provide you with daily videos that load instantly. Which if you ask me is perfect for people who dont have time to go out their way to view something that they might actually want to see. Im a witness to this update making my life that much better by being there when I needed it. Its so handy and convenient that its hard not to always use this app. I mean yea, on twitter you got videos now and you can follow your favorite TV channels pages but they dont show daily updated videos every single day like Snap Chat does. Even then Instagram isnt showing you daily updates. Instagram would show you more of a weekly update. Useless really, unless you not big on keeping up with society. Someone like me who is constantly busy and has something to do appreciates a daily update on 11 TV network channels that are so easy to access. Im always looking for a daily news update on whats going on in the world. I just have to be in the know of things. Also, with the variety of channels to choose from, snapchat appeals to such a broad audience of people who watch those TV channels, but also have jobs. I remember when I first got this update I was in the food hall sitting down talking to some friends. When I was shown by another friend who updated before me I couldnt believe it. Every teen in that food hall was

Fahrenheit 451 essays

Fahrenheit 451 essays Fahrenheit 451 is a futuristic novel, telling the story of a time where books and independent thinking are outlawed. Books and ideas are destroyed, books are incinerated, where as ideas thinking becomes a danger to society and is not tolerated. The Hearth and the Salamander is the title of part one. The salamander represents the main character of Guy Montag. Montag's occupation as a fireman is to burn books and text to erase their existence and impact on thinking. The symbol of a Phoenix is used throughout the novel. The Phoenix was a mythical bird of ancient Arabian legend. The Phoenix symbolizes the rebirth after destruction by fire. Firemen wear a crest of the Phoenix on their uniforms. Montag, after realizing the truth of his job, opens his eyes and sees that fire and destruction has indeed destroyed his newly gained ideals, he wishes to be reborn. With his new ideas of knowledge, he goes to Faber with ideas to save the books, and he hides books in his house. Montag ev en goes as far as stealing books from houses that he is supposed to be destroying. Phoenix is "reborn" only to get burnt and destroyed, again. Like the Phoenix, Guy's life is a cycle of getting burnt and rebirth, until one time the away Montag escapes and where Montag kills Capt. Beatty by igniting him with the liquid fire. For Montag, fire has been good to serve the purpose of being a fireman. Fire is one of the only things Montag knows, and the only thing he knows as a solution is to burn the problem. Capt. Beatty has taught Guy that fire is the solution to everything, when in reality, fire destroyed books, homes, people, Capt. Beatty, Montag's house, and in the end, it destroyed the city from which Montag barely escaped. However, fire also symbolizes something else, warmth and hope. It is not until the very end that Guy realizes that fire does not have to be destructive, it is a tool which can have many uses. After meeting the othe ...

Significant Events of the Delaware Colony

Significant Events of the Delaware Colony The Delaware colony was founded in 1638 by European colonists from the Netherlands and Sweden. Its history includes occupations by the Dutch, Swedish, British- and the colony of Pennsylvania, which included Delaware until 1703. Fast Facts: Delaware Colony Also Known As: New Netherland, New SwedenNamed After: Then-governor of Virginia, Lord de la WarrFounding Country: Netherlands, SwedenFounding Year: 1638First Known European Landing: Samuel ArgallResidential Native Communities: Lenni Lenape and NanticokeFounders: Peter Minuit and the New Sweden CompanyImportant People: James, Duke of York, William Penn Early Arrivals The first European arrivals in the area occurred in the early 17th century when the Dutch were involved in establishing many trading posts and colonies around the world including in North America. Henry Hudson had been hired by the Dutch to explore the New World in 1609 and he discovered and named the Hudson River. By 1611, the Dutch had established fur trading enterprises with the Native Americans called the Lenni Lenape. In 1614, Fort Nassau, on what is the Hudson River near Gloucester, New Jersey, was the earliest Dutch settlement in the New World. Peter Minuit and the New Sweden Company In 1637, Swedish explorers and stockholders created the New Sweden Company to explore and trade in the New World, under a charter with Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus. Adolphus died in 1632, and his daughter and successor Queen Christina took over the charters administration. Christinas chancellor formed the New Sweden Company in 1637 and hired Peter Minuit. Minuit was a German-born Dutch resident likely of French Huguenot ancestry, who had previously been the governor of New Netherland from 1626 to 1631 and is most well known for the purchase of Manhattan Island. In March of 1638, Minuit and his two ships, Key of Kalmar and the Griffin, landed at the mouth of a river they named Christina, in what is now Wilmington and founded the first permanent colony in Delaware. Annexed to New Netherland While the Dutch and Swedes coexisted for some time, the incursion of the Dutch into New Sweden territory saw its leader, Johan Rising, move against some Dutch settlements. In 1655, Peter Stuyvesant, New Netherlands governor, sent armed ships to New Sweden. The colony surrendered without a fight.  Thus, the area that was once New Sweden then became part of New Netherland.   British Ownership The British and Dutch were direct competitors during the 17th century. England felt they had a claim to the prosperous New Netherland territory due to the explorations by John Cabot made in 1498. In 1660, with the restoration of Charles II to the throne of England, the Dutch feared the British would attack their territory and forged an alliance with the French against the British. In response, Charles II  gave his brother, James, the Duke of York, New Netherland in March 1664. This annexation of New Netherland required a show of force. James sent a fleet of ships to New Netherland to demand its surrender. Peter Stuyvesant agreed. While the northern part of the New Netherland was named New York, the lower part was leased to William Penn as the lower counties on the Delaware. Penn wanted access to the sea from Pennsylvania. Thus, the territory was part of Pennsylvania until 1703. In addition, Delaware continued to share a governor with Pennsylvania until the Revolutionary War, even though it had its own representative assembly.   Beginning the War of Independence In October 1765, Delaware sent two delegates to a congress of the colonies in New York to deliberate on a joint colonial response to recent British measures, in particular, the Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765. The two men were landholder Caesar Rodney and attorney Thomas McKean: the two men and assemblyman George Read would continue to play a role in the movement for independence.   Delaware declared its independence from Great Britain on June 15, 1776, and signed the declaration of independence with its fellow colonies on July 4. Sources Delaware Facts. Delaware Historical SocietyMunroe, John A. History of Delaware, 5th ed. Cranbury NJ: University of Delaware Press, 2006.Wiener, Roberta and James R. Arnold. Delaware: The History of Delaware Colony, 1638–1776. Chicago, Raintree, 2005.

HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY QUESTION ASSIGNMENT - 2

HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY QUESTION - Assignment Example Increased hypothalamus functions causes secretion of follicle stimulating hormone that mark the onset of puberty (Wilkosz et al., 6). FSH stimulates ovarian follicle to secrete oestrogen and adrenal gland to secrete androgens. Sex steroid causes secondary sexual characteristics of puberty. Sperms develop from spermatogonia mature into primary spermatocytes. Secondary spermatocytes form after first meiotic division of the primary spermatocytes. Secondary spermatocytes undergo second meiotic division to spermatids. Both divisions take place in the seminiferous tubules after which spermatids migrate to the sertoli cells (McLafferty et al., 38). Maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa involves leydig cells that produce GnRH, LH (ICSH), DHT, testosterone, ABP, and inhibin that regulate spermatogenesis. The epididymis stores mature sperms. Upon sufficient stimulation, spermatozoa move through vas deferens, ampulla, ejaculatory duct , urethra then outside the body. The tubular pathway contracts to propel the ejaculate. Semen consist of secretions form the prostate, seminal and seminal vesicles. The secretions neutralise urine PH and provide nutrition to

Compare of Artwork the Mayan and Apulian Bowls Research Paper - 1

Compare of Artwork the Mayan and Apulian Bowls - Research Paper Example The Apulian Lekanis: Head of a Woman and Winged Genie, and Bowl and Lid with Boar Head is credited as a gift to Mrs. Henry E. Perry in the late 4th century B.C. This work was created as part of Greek culture. It falls under the visual labor sculpture using terracotta as the medium and is currently visible in Indianapolis museum under the Classical collection. Conversely, the bowl and lid with boar head is the work credited to the Maya culture and falls under the Native American collection. The creation date was around 350-500 A.C and the art is credited as a gift of Bonnie and David Ross. The materials used include slithered and painted earthenware. Amongst the Apulian or South Italian vases, some of the common themes were transcendent sections of love and merriment (Indianapolis Museum of Art n.p). The urns were then offered to the dead with the offering venue being the tombs. The Lekanis portrayed red-figures of ladies of style. These Lekanis were routinely on the lids secluded fro m each other by huge palmettes on both sides (Ambrose 14). Additionally, each lady had a half palmette in front of her and behind her a volute. Some of the attributes of the Lekanis were that they were identical in terms of Stephane, Saccos, and neatly comprehensive ribbons. The lid of the Apulian vases also had winged genies. The Greeks believed that the genies would help with the valedictory rites and with the switch to the afterworld. Unlike the Apulian Lekanis, the Bowl with a Boar Head was mostly used to recognize Maya civilization (Indianapolis Museum of Art n.p). The boar was linked with the heavens and the sun’s movement. Additionally, the Bowl with a Boar Head was an earthenware container and not a sculptured container like the Apulian Lekanis. The boar head was used as a handle for opening the boar and not just a decorative picture.  Ã‚  

Educating Rita Essay Example for Free

Educating Rita Essay Willy Russell was born just outside Liverpool, but at the age of 5, moved to Knowsley. Academically he was a failure at school, but it was during English silent reading lessons that he realized he wanted to be a writer. He left school with an English O level as his only qualification to work for six years as a hairdresser. The plays he has written include: Our Day Out, Educating Rita, Blood Brothers. Blood Brothers was a musical written in the 1980s about twin brothers who are separated at birth, but in later years become friends. They are friends throughout their childhood and always look out for each other. The play starts at the end, then goes back and tells the events that lead to the situations. Class was a major issue covered in the play the Lyons family was upper class and the Johnson family was lower class. If this class system wasnt in the play then the meeting of Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. Lyons would not have happened, Mrs. Lyons employed Mrs. Johnson to clean her house so if the two different classes werent addressed in the play then Edward would have stayed with Mrs. Johnson, so this issue was also a theme that had a useful part in the play. The play is also built upon the theme of the superstition that if twins are separated at birth then they will die on the day that they discover that they are twins. This theme is reinforced throughout the play by the words of the narrator to keep the audience thinking about what will happen. The first time we see the theme of superstition is when the narrator first begins to speak and he says, So did you hear the story of the Johnston twins? How one was kept and one Given away Never knowing that they shared one name till the day they died At the end of the play the narrators last few lines are do we blame superstition for what came to pass or could it be what we, the English come to know as class. I think this is a very true statement that the class system is what killed them. Also the themes of love and friendship were in the play, this was between Eddy and Mickey who where blood brothers and Linda was in love with Mickey. The narrators songs had verses in most of the songs that stuck in my head, these were the lines to do with superstition like shoes on the table and the devils got your number. Act 2, Scene 2 shows the first meeting between the two boys. This is where Willy Russell explores class difference. He does this by contrasting the backgrounds that the boys were brought up in. Mickey, the twin that was kept, was brought up in a working class background with little money and uses slang terms and vulgar language, Im pissed off. Whereas Edward was brought up in a family that had a car, a nice house and plenty of money. This meant that he would have a better education and therefore have better opportunities in life. He also speaks very well and posh. Eddie is absolutely fascinated by the way that Mickey speaks as the people he is around dont usually speak like that, You say smashing things dont you? . My initial opinion of Eddie is hat he is friendly and confident, Are you going to come and play there again? , because he just goes over and starts talking to Mickey. Mickeys initial reaction is that he is suspicious of why Eddie started talking to him. Another time that Mickey is suspicious is when Eddie offers him some sweets. His reaction is one of shock, Are you soft? . I think he reacts like this because the people he grew up with had little as are poor and cant share what they do have. He also worries that people may have tampered with it, if Sammy gives you a sweet hes usually weed on it first. Ironically this is the scene where the two boys make a pact to become Blood Brothers. In Act 4, Scene 2 the difference in class becomes more apparent. Eddie returns at Christmas from university while Mickey is struggling to provide a living for his family. The brotherly bond between them seems to have disappeared.

The Rehearsal On Stage by Edgar Degas Essay -- impressionist movement,

Impressionism can easily be viewed as a captivating and revolutionary art movement, which took place during the Nineteenth century in Europe. Artists of this era began to contend with newer technologies, like the camera, for it possessed the capability to seize a spontaneous moment in time. Impressionists wanted to do the same; they strived to paint the picture of a genuine moment happening in front of them. One famous artist of this time period was Edgar Degas . Degas’ The Rehearsal On Stage, created in1874, reflects the characteristics of the impressionism period style of art as well as Degas’ own personal artistic style. By combining these two influences, Degas was able to produce a painting, which could be used to evoke a feeling of physical, sexual, and moral tension while also depicting modern-day life. Degas’ particular work, The Rehearsal Onstage, was created using pastels over a brush and ink drawing on a thin woven paper canvas. In fact, there is the second painting of Degas’, nearly identical to the one mentioned previously. However, it is instead known as The Rehearsal of the Ballet Onstage. Both variants of the composition are owned by the Metropolitan Museum in New York City . In addition to these two works, Degas seemed to be particularly interested in the subject of ballet across many of his other works as well. He focused on elements such as its elegant scenery, costumes, and movements made by the dancers themselves. He was fascinated by the spontaneity of the performance and yet the amount of restraint that must be exercised by its participants at the same time. More often than not, Degas chose to recreate the ballerinas who were off guard. For example he chose to depicting them as they stood backstage in an ... ...stern perspective. Fourteenth ed. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2014. "Grover Art Online Degas, Edgar." Oxford Art Online. http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T021805?q=degas&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1#firsthit (accessed April 21, 2014). "Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History." Edgar Degas: The Rehearsal Onstage (29.100.39). http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/29.100.39 (accessed April 23, 2014). "History of Art:The Impressionism - Edgar Degas." History of Art:The Impressionism - Edgar Degas. http://www.all-art.org/history480-5.html (accessed April 23, 2014). "Impressionism artists." Impressionism. http://www.artinthepicture.com/styles/Impressionism/ (accessed April 23, 2014). "Read a Brooke!." : Formal Analysis of Degas. http://babblingbrook3.blogspot.com/2012/04/formal-analysis-of-degas.html (accessed April 23, 2014).

Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction

These medications are prescribed by a physician and purchased at a pharmacy to treat cute or chronic pain (Byrne, Lander, & Ferris, 2009). Description Prescription Drug misuse and abuse affects all members of society to include the rich and famous, homemakers, physicians, executives, teachers, the young and the elderly. The fact that the medications are self-administered substances prescribed to treat acute or chronic conditions contributes to the increased Incidence of Dalton (Wolfed, Appear, & DuPont, 2011).There are some factors that affect the rated of prescription drug abuse such as older people and women are less likely to abuse drugs (Weaver, & Jarvis, 2010). However adults that range In age thirty- five to forty-four have the highest drug abuse rates as wells as residences of the Southern and Western regions of the US (CDC, 2008). Rationale Everyday increasing amounts of the patients seek treatment in the emergency departments across the Valley of the Sun. These patients are actively seeking prescription painkillers.Some of the patients have legitimate pain issues but most do not. Many of the high emergency room utilizes are treated in over four different hospital emergency departments per week. Many have been caught altering, or forging prescriptions. Patients give explanations such as their medication was lost, stolen, or the pharmacist did not give the correct amount of drugs for the Increased frequency of the need for refills (Wilfred, Appear, & DuPont, 2011). There are increased incidences of identity theft and patients using aliases to obtain prescriptions.

American History Paper

There is near consensus that the polarization of the United States, into South and North, which eventually lead to the American Civil War was caused by slavery (Hutchison, 2003). The argument that has taken currency on this issue is that the Southerners were fighting for the perpetuation of slavery while the Northerners had taken the moral high ground of ending it. However, the two respective stands taken by these two groups smacks of self-centeredness (Hutchison, 2003).First, the Southern States were using the equality of all citizen in the United States as a scapegoat to support the continuation of slavery because their economic prosperity was dependent on slavery while their northern compatriots supported its abolition not because they did not benefit economically from it but because they never wanted the Southerners to share in those benefits emanating from slavery, that is why they used the excuse of criminalizing any expansion on slavery in the territories that had been acquire d from Mexico while not including their territory (North) in that abolition.Because of this discord between these two regions a number of compromises were brokered the most popular being the 1850 compromise. However, there reached a time when not even the 1850 compromise could hold on, that is when the union eventually broke asunder. Now that the 1850 compromise had failed to contain the South and the North territories from engaging in the debate on slavery, another solution had to be sort in order to reduce hostility between these two territories. This is how the Kansas-Nebraska bill came to being.Therefore the Kansas-Nebraska bill can be looked on as another compromise brokered after the failure of a previous compromise (1850 compromise). Why the Kansas-Nebraska bill succeeded for some time where the 1850 compromise failed was because while it kind of tried to end slavery in the Southern as was being propagated by the Northerners the Kansas-Nebraska bill gave the Southerners a say in making that decision which they exercised by voting for the continuation of slavery in their territory which was against the wishes of the northerners (WikiAnswers, 2009).By giving the Southerners the power to solely decide on this explosive matter of slavery, this bill declared the 1850 compromise null and void thereby watering down the advances that had been made by the 1850 compromise in ending slavery which even president Abraham Lincoln conceded was an evil enterprise. It should also be noted that the compromise of 1850 was reached by the representative of the Southern and Northern States while Kansas-Nebraska bill though passed by congress which is another representative assembly gave people from the respective regions the sovereign power to decide on the right to own slave.Another important point to note about the two is that they were both premised on the need to bring peaceful coexistence between the two territories in a larger union although both only succeeded in furt her dividing them (Hutchison, 2003). It can also be argued that by giving the two territories the power to vote separately on this issue of slavery, the Kansas-Nebraska bill made any effort at unity futile. That is why the Southerners found no fault in the bill while the Northerners were extremely outraged by it content.The 1850 compromise just like a number of compromises that had been struck prior to it had succeeded in maintaining a semblance of peaceful coexistence although there was inner rage which was building in each of the territories which is why eventually both territories decided enough is enough and maintenance of the status quo became untenable (Hutchison, 2003). First, the 1850 compromise was unable to address exhaustively the issue of slavery which was the explosive issue that was the subject of the discontentment from both sides.This was because it created an environment of suspicion on both territories each not sure whether their demand had been met by the compromi se. For instance, the Southerners after years of being treated as second class citizen by their Northern compatriot believed that the 1850 compromised was a perpetuation of that bigotry while the Northerners who all through had been used to dictating terms to their Southern compatriots did not see a reflection of that superiority in the 1850 compromise. The Kansas-Nebraska bill on the other hand might have made a mark in enhancing the equality of people from both territories.However it neither anticipated nor addressed the resistance that the Northerners would have most definitely put against any effort towards equalizing them with the southern compatriots whom they had all through considered inferior when it came to the enjoyment of rights. Being a product of legislation from a representative assembly, the Kansas-Nebraska bill was a democratic instrument unlike the 1850 compromise that was just a product of the deliberation of a skewed representation forum which is probably why it was viewed by the Southerners with suspicion.This bills also failed to the test of pragmatism in that it failed to appreciate the fact that the Southerner would obviously vote for slavery which was increasing being viewed as an infringement of the people’s right (slaves), this is one of the reason why it did not hold water for much longer despite the fact that it gave people from both territory a right to influence decisions at the national level.References Hutchison, E. Craig, (2003). The civil war: Why? – Compare and Contrast. Retrieved 23 July 2010 from

10 Ways to Reduce College Stress

10 Ways to Reduce College Stress At any given point in time, most college students are stressed about something; its just part of going to school. While having stress in your life is normal and often unavoidable, being stressed is something you can control. Follow these ten tips to learn how to keep your stress in check and how to relax when it gets to be too much. 1. Dont Stress About Being Stressed This may seem ridiculous at first, but it is listed first for a reason: when youre feeling stressed, you feel like youre on edge and everything is barely being held together. Dont beat yourself up too badly about it! Its all normal, and the best way to handle stress is to not get more stressed about...being stressed. If youre stressed out, admit it and figure out how to handle it. Focusing on it, especially without taking action, will only make things seem worse. 2. Get Some Sleep Being in college means your sleep schedule is, most likely, far from ideal. Getting more sleep can help your mind refocus, recharge, and re-balance. This can mean a quick nap, a night when you go to bed early, or a promise to yourself to stick with a regular sleep schedule. Sometimes, one good nights sleep can be all you need to hit the ground running amidst a stressful time. 3. Get Some (Healthy!) Food Similar to your sleep habits, your eating habits may have gone by the wayside when you started school. Think about what- and when- youve eaten over the past few days. You may think your stress is psychological, but you could also be feeling physical stress (and putting on the Freshman 15) if youre not fueling your body appropriately. Go eat something balanced and healthy: fruits and veggies, whole grains, protein. Make your mama proud with what you choose for dinner tonight! 4.  Get Some Exercise You may think that if you dont have the time to sleep and eat properly, you definitely dont have the time to exercise. Fair enough, but if youre feeling stressed, it may be that you need to squeeze it in somehow. Exercise doesnt necessarily have to involve a 2-hour, exhausting workout at the campus gym. It can mean a relaxing, 30-minute walk while listening to your favorite music. In fact, in a little over an hour, you can 1) walk 15 minutes to your favorite off-campus restaurant, 2) eat a quick and healthy meal, 3) walk back, and 4) take a power nap. Imagine how much better youll feel! 5. Get Some Quiet Time Take one moment and think: when was the last time you had some quality, quiet time alone? Personal space for students in college rarely exists. You may share your room, your bathroom, your classrooms, your dining hall, the gym, the bookstore, the library, and anywhere else you go during an average day. Finding a few moments of peace and quiet- with no cell phone, roommates, or crowds- might be just what you need. Stepping out from the crazy college environment for a few minutes can do wonders for reducing your stress. 6.  Get Some Social Time Have you been working on that English paper for three days straight? Can you even see what youre writing anymore for your chemistry lab? You could be stressed because youre being too focused on getting things done. Dont forget that your brain is like a muscle, and even it needs a break every once in a while! Take a break and see a movie. Grab some friends and go out dancing. Hop a bus and hang out downtown for a few hours. Having a social life is an important part of your college experience, so dont be afraid to keep it in the picture when youre stressed. It could be when you need it most! 7. Make Work More  Fun You may be stressed about one particular thing: a final paper due Monday, a class presentation due Thursday. You basically just need to sit down and plow through it. If this is the case, try to figure out how to make it a little more fun and enjoyable. Is everyone writing final papers? Agree to work together in your room for 2 hours and then order pizza together for dinner. Do a lot of your classmates have huge presentations to put together? See if you can reserve a classroom or room in the library where you can all work together and share supplies. You may just lower everyones stress level. 8. Get Some Distance You may be handling your own problems and trying to help others around you. While this can be nice for them, check in and be honest with yourself about how your helpful demeanor may be causing more stress in your life. Its okay to take a step back and focus on yourself for a little while, especially if you are stressed and your academics are at risk. After all, how can you keep helping others if youre not even in a state to help yourself? Figure out which things are causing you the most stress and how you can take a step back from each. And then, most importantly, take that step. 9. Get a Little Help It can be hard to ask for help, and unless your friends are psychic, they may not know how stressed out you are. Most college students are going through the same things at the same thing, so dont feel silly if you need to just vent for 30 minutes over coffee with a friend. It may help you process out what you need to do, and help you realize that the things you are so stressed about are actually pretty manageable. If youre afraid of dumping too much on a friend, most colleges have counseling centers specifically for their students. Dont be afraid to make an appointment if you think it will help. 10. Get Some Perspective College life can be overwhelming. You want to hang out with your friends, join clubs, explore off campus, join a fraternity or sorority, and be involved in the campus newspaper. It can sometimes feel like there arent enough hours in the day. Thats because there arent. Theres only so much any person can handle, and you need to remember the reason why youre in school: academics. No matter how exciting your co-curricular life can be, you wont be able to enjoy any of it if you dont pass your classes. Make sure to keep your eye on the prize and then head out and change the world!

Im a Caregiver How Do I Have Time to Write

Im a Caregiver How Do I Have Time to Write Sixty-five million (29 percent of) Americans are caregivers, spending an average of 20 hours a week caring for a loved one. Perhaps you’re one of them. The demands are often so great, you wonder how you can ever have time to write. I’ve been a caregiver since 1984 when my husband retired at the age of 48 after a massive heart attack. I also helped care for my stepdad and elderly uncle until their deaths, and am now helping my widowed sister who’s losing her eyesight. During that time I’ve published nine books, along with articles and short stories. Here are some hints that may help a writing caregiver: 1. Write when you can. Seldom can caregiver writers rely on having a whole day to write. But if possible, get up 15 minutes earlier or stay up 15 minutes later. Fifteen minutes a day, five days a week, adds up to sixty-five hours a year - and thats a lot of extra time to write. Write when your loved one is taking a nap. Use the time you spend waiting in line at the supermarket to read the titles on magazine covers to see what type of articles they use on a regular basis. Watch and listen to the people around you. (This is a good idea in a doctors office too.) Don’t complain if you don’t have time to write. I moaned about this fact after my husband had an especiallybad year healthwise, and I sensed a quiet voice within saying, â€Å"Someday you’ll have all the time you want, and you won’t want it.† 2. Write where you can. I’ve written and edited in doctors’ offices. The ICU my husband was in over Christmas one year had a built-in desk in the corner, giving me a place to work. If you can find a family member or friend to relieve you one or two hours a week, take your laptop to the public library or a near 3. Write any way you can. Flying out-of-state to care for my mother after her cancer surgery, I handwrote three short stories on the plane, typing them up when I got to my hometown. When I returned home eight weeks later, I found checks waiting. Up until that time I felt I had to be at my keyboard to write. 4. Write what you can. Use your caregiver experiences as springboards for short stories, articles, or books. I wrote one article titled â€Å"Living with a Disabled Husband† (later re-titled â€Å"When Your Golden Years Aren’t Golden†) which has sold a number of times in religious and secular publications. My book The Freedom of Letting Go contains a chapter on letting go of health issues that includes caregiver stories, and I’m now working on a book for caregivers. Sharing your experiences and what you’ve learned through caregiving can help a lot of readers as they know that you’ve been there, done that. 5. Take notes. If you simply cannot find the time to write, at least jot down ideas and outlines. Then when those precious free moments appear, you won’t find yourself staring at a blank screen. Being a caregiver doesn’t mean you have to give up writing which can lead to resentment. It just means you use your time wisely. Taking time to do what you feel called to do and what you enjoy doing will make you a more loving caregiver - and a more insightful writer.

Approaches to Policy & Advocacy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Approaches to Policy & Advocacy - Assignment Example Citing is vital since it remains the cornerstone of any research. It sets to validate and actualize the research findings (De Goede, Putters, & Van, 2012). Additionally, it brings up an academic tone in the piece of work, without violation of copyright issues. Essentially, it is one of the fundamental principle of ethics on conducting any research. Lack of valid data and information that is cited from trusted sources may lead to lack of information trust from most organizations, researchers and legislators seeking information from the site (Green, 2006). Additionally, it sets to acknowledge the original author of a specific theory used. The legislators posits that they can make decisions with great confident as the data presented is valid. The organization operates on transparency and dedication in its work. Their researches are well published and conducted in an ideal way. Additionally, they have indicated their financial statements, hence one can follow well their financial usage protocols. Furthermore, their knowledge centre does act as a good site in dissemination of academic knowledge regarding their programs (Coreil, 2010). They does update their levels of goals achievement, and their strategic plan is clear. Consequently, the information in the website can influence other stakeholders to take part in fight against childhood malnutrition. De Goede, J., Putters, K., & van Oers, H. (2012). Utilization of epidemiological research for the development of local public health policy in The Netherlands: a case study approach. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 74(5), 707-714. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.014 Green, L. W. (2006). Public health asks of systems science: to advance our evidence-based practice, can you help us get more practice-based evidence?. American Journal of Public Health, 96(3),

Effects of indiginsation policy on Entreprenuership in Zimbabwe Essay

Effects of indiginsation policy on Entreprenuership in Zimbabwe - Essay Example At the onset definition and common dynamics of indiginsation policy affecting entrepreneurial trends is presented. This presentation mainly includes the meaning of indiginsation from the economic perspective and the primary features of indiginsation policy influencing the entrepreneurial trends. This information will aid in understanding the fundamentals of indiginsation policy necessary for structuring the subsequent sections of this study. Next the discussion regarding the entrepreneurial trends in Zimbabwe has been outlined. This will facilitate in comprehending the prevailing the entrepreneurial trends in Zimbabwe as well as opportunities and challenges faced by the Zimbabwean entrepreneurial (Moore & et. al, 2013). Again, the discussion regarding the impacts of indiginsation policy on entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe has been conducted with the aim of exploring the pros and cons of this policy on the entrepreneurs. In addition, the discussion regarding the practical illustrations has b een presented. This information will help in acquiring coherent understanding regarding the impact of indiginsation policy on the economic growth and development of Zimbabwe. Lastly, the summary of the findings which include the summarized information of the contents discussed in the preceding sections. This section highlights the most relevant facts and information regarding the entrepreneurial trends in Zimbabwe and the impact of indiginsation policy on entrepreneurships. This will help to comprehend the most relevant facts in a precise manner. According to Kovacic & Shapiro (2000), the governments across the world have undertaken numerous policies and measures to promote economic growth and welfare of its citizens. These policies have profound impact on the various national and international aspects (Kovacic & Shapiro, 2000). In this regard, Wilson III (1990) noted that indiginsation is a strategy of a nation to extort greater domestic

THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE - Essay Example On the other hand, under the Fifth Amendment no person â€Å"shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself† (United States Constitution, Fifth Amendment) thus, a person is protected from self-incrimination. In the same manner, the Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to counsel, thus a statement made by a person to the police without the assistance of his or her lawyer may be excluded from the court proceedings (Berg, 2008). The application of the exclusionary rule in the United States has been defined by many leading cases decided by the Supreme Court. The case of Boyd v. United States (1886)1 is one of the earliest leading cases where the Supreme Court applied the exclusionary rule together with the Fourth Amendment. According to the Court in this case, the invasion of the â€Å"indefeasible right of personal security, personal liberty, and private property† violates the provision of the Fourth Amendment and any evidence gathered through the unreasonable search and seizure should be excluded in the court. The application of the exclusionary rule in relation to the Fourth Amendment was later on strengthened by the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Weeks v United States (1914)2.The case of Weeks v United States (1914)3 is the first case where the United States Supreme Court established a strong exclusionary rule under the Fourth Amendment. According to the Court in this case, the warrantless seizure of objects or items from the residence of a private individual is a violation of the rights established under the Fourth Amendment and as such, these objects or items may not be used as evidences in a court proceeding. The Court also said in this case that the exclusion of these objects or items extend to the illegally obtained evidence in federal court. The exclusionary rule in the United States was further strengthen in the decision of the court in the case of

Ib Theatre Ri Noh Costume Essay Example for Free

Ib Theatre Ri Noh Costume Essay Noh is known as the classical lyrics drama of Japan. Noh is a combination of serveral dance and drama forms that came before it. (Noh and Kyogen) It embraces the peoples love for the religious and cultral traditions that involve the mix of Japanese Dengaku and Sarugaku (which is a mix between a style of dance and mime). (Noh and Kyogen) Noh is fundamentally a symbolic theatre that focuses on the representation and appreciation of ritual traditions and the appreciation of culture. A tradtitional romantic play in Noh theater is Hanjo (Lady Han). The story of Hanjo is about a yujo named Hanago that works in an inn. A man named Yoshida no Shosho came into the inn for the night on his journey east. Hanago and Yoshida no Shosho fell in love and exchanged fans before he leaves for his journey. After Shosho is gone Hanago becomes nicknamed Hanjo becuase of her deranged and obsessive love for Shosho with the only memories of him being his fan. In this love story, the fans are a representation of the giving of their hearts to one another (connecting to the plot of which this story was derived from); in which the only memory that the women has of her lost lover is the fan. Throughout the play Hanjo constantly has Shoshos fan in her posession and the more she waves the fan in the play, the more deranged she becomes thoughout the play. (Keene) One of the main aspects of Noh theater is the use of masks and to a Noh actor, the mask gives the actor behind the mask the responsibilty to be the living embodiment of the qualities he is called upon to represent. Toki) The masks in No theater that are commonly usedare the masks that were created between the fourteenth century and the seventeenth century and are prefered to be used in a performance rather than modern mask for the modern mask lacking in origionality compared to the classic. (Toki) In Noh theater, generally the Shite (main actor/ protagonist) actor is the only actor masked in the play, but in certain instances the Shitez-zure (assistant of the Shite) will also wear a mask but only when representing a female character. Toki) Even though the Shite is the only actor to be wearing a mask, the Shite will not wear a mask when representing a character in a earthly or a realistic piece of work and theatrical make-up is rerely and often not used during Noh performances. (Toki) The most common masks that are used are masks that represent female characters. The female mask are used to represent women of all ages and symbolize at times the beauty of the women or the ghost/ spirits of dead women. Toki) Different masks are used to represent the three main type of women, which are catagorized by age. (Toki) Young women are represented by ko-omote, magojiro, and waka-onna; the middle-Aged women are represented by Shakumi, Fukai, and Zoh; and finally the Old women are represented by uba and rojo. (Toki) Yet on occasion the Hannya mask is used in order to represent the vengeful women and conveys negative expressions and attitude. (Toki) When it comes to the costume design for Noh performances there are four different catagorities that the costumes can be organized into: costumes that are worn as undergarments, those worn over the under garments, costumes resembling skirts, and costumes that divide the actors upper section and the lower section of the body. (Toki) A Shite costume with five layers and outer garment of brocade creates an imposing figure on stage that can be even more imposing when a red or white wig is added. (Toki) A very typical gown style worn by women is the Karaori, which is woven with threads of gold, silver and other colors. Toki) Like most costumes in Noh theater, the use of color is major in determining the characters in the play. (Toki) Using red in the color scheme of any of the costume is best fit for a young character. (Toki) The most common costume for woman characters is the kinagashi (worn flowing), as well as the most common way of wearing kimono. (Toki) The outer robe over the under robe hanging from the shoulds to the ground and tied at the waist. (Toki) Another costume in Noh theater is the nuihaku (embroidery, foil) that can be used for both male and female characters. Komparu) A short-sleeved robed with a gold-foil or a silver- foil woven into the costume and embroidery, taking on the style of the satin-weave base. (Komparu) This costume is worn in the style of the koshimaki and includes the aslpects of being draped down from the waist, also resembling the nugi-sage. (Komparu) The nugi-sage (removed and draped) is a costume that will often symbolize a women that is mad. The right sleeve of the outer robe is removed and draped down the back, representing the decaying mind state of the women that is becoming mentally unfit. Komparu) Karaori (Chinese Weave), even though being influenced by the woven style of Chinese clothing is a good representation of Japanese Noh costumes. (Komparu) The robes can be manipulated in order to classify the different characters. It could either include the traditional color red in order to represent the young women characters or can be used without red in order to symbolise the middle-aged and older characters. In order to create the representation of a womens skin, resort to the surihaku (foil applique). Komparu) Using the same style of the short-sleeved nuihaku with the gold-foil or silver-foil being woven into the costume with red indicates that the character is a woman. (Komparu) Another critical representation of women characters are the styles of katsura (wigs) supported by the katsura obi (wig bands). (Komparu) The narrow bands are long strands that are tied around the outside of the wig and are left hanging down the actors back. (Komparu) The bands still include the aspects of the gold-foil or silver-foil with the choice of red or not. The koshi obi (hip bands) can be used for both male and female characters. (Komparu) This resembles the mizu-goromo or is used with nuihaku in the style of koshimaki (draped from the waist). (Komparu) This costume is wrapped around the hips over a three quarter length. The tradtional styles of wigs that are used to indicate women character are the katsura, which is generally tied back or can be lengenthed to be the naga-katsura- (long wig) by attaching the long hair to a small square cloth and tied onto the actors head then rearranged for the performances. Other styles include the kasshiki-katsura (the religious wig), the midare-bin (untidy or disordered wig), and the uba-katsura (old womans wig). (Komparu) For the costume design for Hanjo there are certain aspects from each of the traditional costumes that could come together to create a beautiful costume along with conveying ,the character, Hanjo going mad without her lover, Shosho. The most fitting costume style would be the mugi-sage (removed and draped), which is generally known for symbolizing the concept of a mad woman with the disordanized and rugged look of the right sleeve of the outer robe slipped of and left to hang down the back of the character. The colors of the robe would include the same aspects of the nuihaku and the surihaku with the silver-foil woven into the fabric and the traditional red to indicate that the character is a young woman. The headress of Hanjo would include the idare-bin (disheveled tresses) style of wig in order to help convey the slow affect of Hanjo becoming mad without her lover; and the traditional katsura obi (wig band) with a red trim will support the headress itself and the concept of a female character. For props, Hanjo will hold bamboo grass in her hand which symbolizes a mad women. Along with the bamboo grass, Hanjo will hold a fan that will be a representation of Shoshos fan that she recieved and will be used to be waved more rapidly to symbolize Hanjos madness.

Anti-Depressants and Teen Suicide Essay -- Teenage Suicide Essays

Abstract Two percent of preteens and five percent of adolescents suffer from depression (www.about-teen-depression.com 2014). There are specific signs and symptoms associated with depression, which are helpful in detection of the illness. There are various ways to treat depression, such as medication, group therapy, and/or herbal supplements. There are pros and cons with each treatment, but the worst coincides with the medication –suicide. Much research has been conducted, which will be discussed in the paper that has shown a link to antidepressants and suicide. However, there is also evidence that the suicide rate could be decreased with proper diagnosis and early, supervised treatment for depression, especially when dealing with children and adolescents. Introduction Depression is the newest epidemic sweeping across the world, affecting adults, teenagers, and even children. In fact, surveys have indicated that one in every five teenagers suffer from clinical depression (NMHA 2004). The illness can be found anywhere and appears to make the news each and every day. Depression is a condition that has no preference in its victims, meaning that it will strike people of all ages, races, and backgrounds. However, research has indicated that the onset of depression is now occurring earlier in life compared to past decades (Klerman and Weissman 1989). Knowing this, depression is a condition that needs to be cured immediately. There are many signs and symptoms commonly associated with depression, although most do vary with each individual. Most symptoms include frequent sadness, feelings of hopelessness, decreased activity, persistent boredom and low energy, social isolation, low self esteem, extreme sensitivity, frequents complaints of illness, poor concentration, and thoughts or expression of suicide (www.focusas.com). In order to be diagnosed as suffering from depression, patients must have 2 or more of the above symptoms for at least two weeks that cause severe distress or interfere with daily life (Zoloft 2001). The specific causes of depression are not known. It is suggested that depression is actually a result of a combination of certain factors, such as biological and psychosocial factors (Kendler 1995, www.surgeongeneral.gov 2004). Most likely, depression is the result of a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (NYU 2004). Thes... ...ent of pharmacotherapies for clinical depression in children and adolescents. Drug Safety. Jan; 20 (1):59-75. Shaffer D, Craft L. 1999. Methods of Adolescent Suicide Prevention. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 60: 70-74. Simon H and Stern T. 2003 – Review. Harvard Medical School. Strober M, Schmidt-Lackner S, Freeman R et al. 1995. Recovery and relapse in adolescents with bipolar affective illness: a five-year naturalistic, prospective follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34(6):724-731. Sullivan, P., Neale, M. C. & Kendler, K. S. 2000. Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry. 157: 1552-1562. Vanderkooy JD, Kennedy SH, Bagby RM. 2002. Antidepressant side effects in depression patients treated in a naturalistic setting. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 47: 174-180. Wagner KD, Ambrosini P, Rynn M, et al. 2003. Efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. JAMA. 290: 1033-1041. Whittington CJ et al. 2004. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in childhood depression. Lancel. 363: 1341-1345. Zoloft. 2004. . [accessed 21 September 2004].

Valuing Project Achieve

Introduction After years as a teacher and principal frustrated by the inability to effectively track school and student progress, Stacey Boyd and HBS classmate Mandy Lee founded Project Achieve, an information management system for schools. In a quickly changing industry with fast-moving competitors, Project Achieve aimed to use leading-edge technology to reduce the workload of teachers and administrators while simultaneously keeping parents and students aware of performance. In an attempt to raise capital from an array of investors, Boyd needed to assess the firm’s value before moving forward. Project Achieve’s Competitive Advantage_ Project Achieve hopes to differentiate itself from its competitors via its emphasis on a completely web-based product and its founder’s knowledge of schools and teachers, its two main competitive advantages. As the first mover amongst entirely web-based products, Project Achieve hopes to gain significant market share before imitatio ns of its products appear. Being entirely web-based, the system was created in a standardized manner to allow numerous schools to have the capability to use the system and get support simultaneously. In short, the firm’s products are especially scalable. The company will also collect tremendous amounts of information on students, creating yet another potential revenue stream from advertisers and content providers. Potentially, Project Achieve could evolve into the nerve center for schools. With high switching costs, such a position could be attractive to content providers and other potential acquirers. Compared to NCS’s SASI and ABACUS, Project Achieve has a more integrated web-based design and most importantly, is cheaper. Additionally, Project Achieve features an easier template and user-friendly interface compared to similar systems like IMSeries. With the potential to be used by administrators, teachers, parents, and students, Project Achieve could possibly become the platform for distance learning and communication among the aforementioned parties. This partly rests upon Boyd’s ability to gauge the technology needs in academia. Luckily, Boyd’s knowledge of the space is one of the firm’s competitive advantages. Unfortunately, the company’s technological advantages will probably be short-lived after the product hits the market, since competitors are likely to imitate Project Achieve and also move to ntirely web-based products. Additionally, the firm’s marketing strategy depends heavily on the support of governors, but it is questionable whether the firm has the necessary lobbying resources to gain their support. We also question the firm’s ability to entice schools to buy its fee-based program without a sales force. Comparable Company Analysis Based on Exhibit 3 from the case, Project Achieve has nine public companies that can be indentified as comparable. Project Achieve’s closest comparable companies are Click2learn. com, Learn2. com, and Vcampus. These companies are most similar to Project Achieve in that they are all primarily online learning and training courseware. In addition, these three companies are relatively new in the marketplace with the oldest company, Learn2. com, going public mid-year 1994. Finally, these three companies have little to no debt, similar to Project Achieve’s reliance on internal funding. Boyd can use her research on comparable companies in her valuation of Project Achieve to calculate Project Achieve’s beta. The comparable companies could also be used in a multiples-based valuation analysis. Unfortunately we don’t have a complete set of data for each firm’s number of subscribers, otherwise we could have done a valuation based on value per subscriber. _Project Achieve’s Discount Rate_ Boyd should use a discount rate of 19. 0% in her valuation of Project Achieve. This rate was determined using Achieve’s three most comparable companies, Click2learn. com, Learn2. com, and Vcampus. These comparables’ equity betas were determined based on the movement of the market and company returns since their inception. We unlevered these betas and took the median to estimate an industry beta. We assumed an asset beta of 1. 15 (the median asset beta of the three comparable companies) and a debt beta of 0 (with no interest bearing debt) for Project Achieve. Using the 30-year treasury rate (5. 94%) as the risk-free rate because of Project Achieve’s expected life and a historical 7. 0% market risk premium, we calculated Project Achieve’s discount rate at 14. 0%. This discount rate values Achieve as a public company, comparable to its public counterparts. As a non-public start-up, however, Project Achieve is far more risky than the more established comparables discussed above. Thus, we added a 5% start-up risk premium to reach an appropriate 19% discount rate for the valuation of Project Achieve. (See Exhibit #1) Valuing Project Achieve In order to forecast the value provided by each customer type to Project Achieve, we must first identify the breakdown of customers based on the probabilities given in the case, and then forecast the cash flows associated with each type of customer. To determine the probability of a generic targeted school falling into any customer category, we created a decision tree. Exhibit #2) Per our analysis, there are five end user states – perpetual Achieve Express users, two-year users of Achieve Express, perpetual users of Achieve Express and Achieve Logic, two-year users of Achieve Express and Achieve Logic, and targeted schools that didn’t respond – all with varying probabilities. Now armed with the percentage breakdown of customers expected for Project Achieve, to determine the value of each customer we mus t forecast the cash flows associated with each type of customer. Exhibit #3) All of the costs and revenues associated with each type of customer are detailed in Exhibit #3. After calculating a WACC of 19. 00% and forecasting cash flows for each type of customer, it is easy to find the net present value of each customer. Not surprisingly, two-year Express users are the only loss makers for the firm, with a value of -$386. 63 per two-year Express user. Perpetual Express users, two-year Logic users, and perpetual Logic users are each worth $1,315. 79, $15,588. 16, and $44,659. 4 respectively. (Exhibit #3) Now that we have calculated the value per customer for all of our customer classifications (Exhibit #3), we can apply the probabilities found in our decision tree (Exhibit #2) to find the overall value per targeted customer. Doing so, we find that each targeted customer has a value of $5,102. 49. (Exhibit #4) Going one step farther, we matched the value per targeted customer with the forecasted number of customers targeted to find the total value of all of Project Achieve’s targeted customers. Discounted at WACC (19. 0%), all of the firm’s targeted customers are cumulatively worth $78,805,398. (Exhibit #5) Using the DCF method, the after tax value of Project Achieve is $11,991,608. (Exhibit #5) The valuation of Project Achieve is extremely risky considering the dependency of the company’s cash flows on customer acquisition and retention. In addition, Project Achieve’s tax rate along with its carry-forward loss of $1 million will significantly affect its value. The assumptions used in valuing Project Achieve are: Total estimated overhead costs 1999-2000 are $6,524,826 (case Table A) Total costs increase 20% per year for 4 years and after the fifth year costs rise in line with subscription base Revenues grow 2% annually after year 5 (rate of increase for target schools) No inflation taken into account on growth rate because downward pressure on prices with new market entrants will counter inflation $1 million loss incurred to date (will carry forward in tax burden and increase the value of Achieve) 35% tax rate (ignoring depreciation) The Role of Investors Given Project Achieve’s status as an early-stage start-up, its lack of a sales force, and its need to develop relationships with political authorities and schools, the firm requires investors that understand start-ups and can help market its products. Angel investors like Daniel Eliot don’t seem to fulfill either of these requirements. Venture capitalists deeply understand start up businesses and could provide a big chunk of capital, but they don’t know schools, their valuation is lower than Jostens’, and they would be no help in gaining traction for Project Achieve’s products. Additionally, a VC firm would likely require much more control than the other types of investors. Strategic investors are the most compelling. A strategic investor may wish to complement its own growth by integrating Project Achieve’s new technology into its business. Since strategic investors are almost always in the same industry as their targets, they can often help with industry contacts and business expertise. For example, Jostens knows schools, has a sales force in the field calling on schools, and offers the best valuation. We would go with Jostens now, perhaps bringing in a venture capitalist in a later round. We would also keep in mind the possibility of selling out to Jostens down the road if Project Achieve’s products gain traction. Potential investors have widely varying estimates of the value of Project Achieve because our valuation has many aspects. Primarily, different investors may have different forecasts of product adoption rates. As discussed earlier in the paper, we feel that Boyd is being excessively optimistic about the probability of schools purchasing her fee-based program without prompting from a sales force. Since our valuation is entirely dependent on the probabilities displayed in our decision tree (Exhibit 2), if different investors had different calculations for these probabilities, their valuations would be drastically different. Boyd needs to make sure she is realistic in her forecasts of product adoption, for they will set the stage for valuation discussions. Computing the explicit valuation, whether pre-money or post-money, is simple and unlikely to lead to disagreement. The valuations may differ, however, based on how big an investment is made. Since the three potential investors, Daniel Eliot, Jostens, and the angel investors, were all offering different amounts of capital, it makes sense that their valuations would differ slightly. Quantifying the implicit valuation is what makes valuing the firm particularly problematic. The implicit valuation includes valuing warrants, liquidation preferences, and dividends. Additionally, there are non-quantifiable valuation factors such as pre-emptive rights and anti-dilution provisions. To have a better deal, it is important for Boyd to present Project Achieve’s business opportunities thoroughly and disclose all useful information.

Effect of Text Messaging on Teen Age Students

SINHGAD TECHNICAL INSTITUTES CAMPUS SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT A Study on impact of text messaging on teen age students Prepared by Rambhu kumar(11) Komal jaiswal(15) Pankaj kakani(17) Sukirti keswani(18) Nitin maske(19) Introduction 1 See it? Hear it? Take it! This is still the mantra of many schools across the country that succinctly summarizes the policy concerning cell phones in schools; in essence, they are banned. Yet, most teenagers are nearly inseparable from their cell phones, not because they are constantly talking, but because they are connecting with their friends through text messaging.As a phenomenon, this was originally unprecedented and unpredicted, especially because text messaging capabilities were designed strictly for mobile phone companies to communicate with their customers. Teenagers, digital natives born into a world rich in technology who take ubiquitous computing for granted, tend to lead the way with most technologies, and text messaging is no differen t. The popularity of text messaging has placed people in positive and negative situations. On the positive side, text messaging is utilized as a source of information and reminders.Even the parents get to learn about it from their kids’ . Whereas on the negative side, teenagers are easily distracted at school. Instead of paying attention in classes, students are texting away. I've seen this happen a lot in college. Especially in high schools, this leads to falling grades, and poor report cards. Some kids are up late messaging their friends, which experts believe could have a significant impact on sleep. What are some of the effects that texting is having on teen age students?That is the question that our group explores in this paper. We conduct surveys and take a look at scholarly and periodical articles, looking to find some of the effects that the modern day texting phenomenon is causing. We examine the impacts that texting is making on our language and writing skills, the impacts on teenagers and their social lives, and the dangers of texting and driving. Review of Literature2,3 Through a review of literature from diverse disciplines and both scholarly and popular media, we examine two questions: 1.How are teenagers using text messaging in their everyday lives? 2. How can text messaging be used in educational settings? Mode of Inquiry Modern cellular phones have countless applications that allow them to act not only as mobile phones but also as music, video, and game players, cameras, global positioning systems, and devices that provide access to the Internet and a host of applications. For this particular analysis, the focus is strictly on teenagers and young adults (ages 11- 21) using the short message service (SMS), or text messaging capabilities.It does not include the use of SMS to post to Facebook, Twitter, or other social networking sites, as that would require the receiver to have access to Internet to read such messages or post replies. Teen Use of Text Messaging Reasons for Use Teenagers have adopted text messaging as their primary form of text-based communication, preferring it even over e-mail (Lenhart, 2009); there are several reasons for the popularity of text messaging. First, it is quicker; adolescents have found that by texting, they can forego the normal chit-chat involved in phone conversations.One teen stated that even for a quick question, you’d have to go through the niceties of greetings and spend time talking about other things (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005). Text messaging is also cheaper, because messages are generally charged by the message, not the word count. In contrast, the cost of a phone conversation varies as it is charged by the minute. Also, the location of sender/receiver does not affect the charge. Many teenagers pay their own mobile phone bills, and pay-as-you-go plans allow them to budget more accurately (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005). Finally, many teens state that text messaging is more co nvenient.Phones can be switched to silent mode, so they do not disturb others, and allows texting to be done surreptitiously and away from parents or teachers (Grinter ; Eldrige, 2001). E-mail is the preferred mode of communication for school or work, but when teenagers want something that is fast, immediate, and can be done anywhere – texting is preferred (Lev-Ram, 2006). For teenagers, the cell phone is almost always with the person, so it is constantly accessible. Being small and silent, the cell phone is easily transported and used furtively under the supervision of authority, as compared to email, which requires a computer (Thurlow, 2003).Many teenagers have reported that they share a computer with family members or that it is in a common area of the home so instant messaging and email can be observed (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005). In addition, because the phone displays both text and sender, the user can choose when and if to respond to a message and has time to compose an appropriate response. Girls, in particular, often invite others to help them compose their responses (Faulkner ; Culwin, 2005).Reid and Reid (2004) have also theorized that another part of the attractiveness of texting is the visual anonymity it seems to afford, especially for socially anxious people, as the texter does not need to see/hear the recipient. In addition, it provides almost perpetual contact for those who are lonely. Lohnes Watulak (2010), drawing on the work of Thurlow (2003) and Clark (2005), sites the desire for constant contact as a significant reason for undergraduate students to text during class, even if they acknowledge that that texting is rude and the content is trivial. Need for studyWith general overview of today’s society, cell phones are becoming a modern day necessity among teenagers. The reason why they are in so much demand is because of text messaging which is the most popular mode of communication these days. The need to study this particular t opic is to find out the impact of this mode of communication on teenagers, both positive and negative. And also to see whether it is actually a necessity or just a trend which is followed because of its popularity. In this research we are also going analyse the future impacts of text messaging on teenagers.How mobile companies are using the increased use of text messaging to their advantage is also discussed in this research project. Statement of problem There have been many ill effects on education pattern of students, because of these text messaging phenomena. The institutions are finding it hard to cope with this habit of teenagers as it is leading to a lot of distraction and also parents are worried because of falling grades of their kids. The biggest issue of all is that student are not ready to detach themselves from their mobile phone.That’s why even if institutes and parents come up with a solution to the problem, it is next to impossible to implement it. Objectives 1 . To understand the habits of teenage students regarding text messaging. 2. The impact of text messaging on the text messaging on teenage students (positive and negative). 3. To understand and analyze the usage of mobile phones during class hours. 4. To understand the extent to mobile usage for communication among teen age students. 5. To understand whether prefer normal messaging or online messaging. Hypothesis . Teen age students knows about various applications used for messaging. 2. Text messaging has various effects on teen age groups. Research Design and Methodology4 Sampling Design Sampling is process of taking sample from large population. We have design questionnaire and on the basis of this questionnaire we have collected the data from school and colleges. Sources and Methods of Data collection We prepared a questionnaire containing total of 14 questions in definite order. The teenagers have to give answers of questions of questionnaire. 100 tudents from a Sinhgad Institut e were used as participants in this research. These participants were selected randomly. Methods of Analysis and Statistical Tools We have collected data from 100 samples and used chi-square method, SPSS software, excel. Facts and finings Q. 1) you communicate with your friends and known people by 1) Text messaging 2) Messaging through net 3) Messaging through landline 4) Call through mobile 1) 36% 2) 30% 3) 4% 4) 30% Q. 2) How frequently you communicate with mobile messaging? 1) Daily 2) Sometime 3) One’s in week 4) One’s in month 5) No ) 47% 2) 33% 3) 6% 4) 5% 6) 9% Q. 3) How often you recharge your message packs? 1) One’s in week 2) One’s in month 3) Twice in month 4 ) Others 5)No 1) 15% 2) 40% 3) 17% 4) 13% 5) 15% Q. 4) Are you satisfied with your mobile text messaging for effective communication with your friend circle? 1) Fully satisfied 2) Less satisfied 3) Moderate 4) No 1) 47% 2) 14% 3) 24% 4) 15% Q. 5) Do you enjoy text messaging communication t hrough mobile phone? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 6) Do you keep sending messaging even during class hours? ) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 4) Only in emergency 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 7) Do you think it is good to use mobile phone during class hours? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 8) Does your school allow use of mobile phones generally? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 43% 2) 9% 3) 48% Q. 9) According to you what are the advantages of text messaging? 1) Sharing information 2) Cheaper way of communication 3) Quick way of communication 4) No effect 1) 26% 2) 30% 3) 40% 4) 4% Q. 10) According to you what are the disadvantages of text messaging? )Spelling mistakes ; Grammatical mistake 2) Copying 3) Morphing 4) Wastage of time due to messaging 5) Sometime effect on IQ level 6) No effect 7) Others if any(Specify)- 1) 34% 2) 27% 3) 15% 4) 7% 5) 7% 6) 10 Q. 11) Does it disturb your concentration during classrooms? 1) Fully 2) Partly 3 ) Not at all 1) 14% 2) 40% 3) 46% Q. 12) Does it affect your study after school hours 1) Fully 2) Partly 3) Not at all 1) 23% 2) 19% 3) 58% Q. 13) According to you which mobile operator is popular? 1) Vodafone 2) Airtel 3) Idea 4) Others (Specify)- 1) 41% 2) 20% 3) 18% 4)21 Q. 4) during which time you prefer to text? 1) Some specific time 2) Spare time 3) before class hours 4) After class hours 5) every time 1) 35% 2) 22% 3) 4% 4)7% 5)32% Scope and Limitation of the study Significant research has been conducted on text messaging among teen age students of SIT and how their personal as well as school life is affected because of it. We also analysed negative effect on teenagers and to what extent it has done bad to students. Further we studied about some positive effects of texting and how it helped them knowledge sharing and cost savings. 1. What role does and should text messaging have in school? . What impact does long term use of texting have on youth literacies? 3. Can text messa ging increases student’s reading and writing abilities in ways not currently addressed through traditional means? 4. Can text messaging reminders increases student participation and achievement without aggravating the already prevalent digital device and teacher workloads? 5. If cell phones become an accepted educational tool like calculators, will the dire predictions of increased distraction and poor language use come true or will cell phones become as common-place as overhead projectors and what are the implications of this? ConclusionCell phones have become a modern day necessity, to the point that they are a must have for every teenager. Teenagers are getting increasingly attached to these devices, depending on them more and more for their communication with their friends or family. About 80% of teenager’s text on a daily basis. Many of the people I surveyed  received their first phone between the ages 11- 15. They also started texting as  young as 11 and as o ld as 17. Teens have created a whole new language through  texting which researchers refer to as short message service (SMS) language or  texts. Everyday  students are adding words to the language.Some of the SMS language some believe texting has a negative effect, positive effect, or does not have an effect at  all. Through our research we analysed that texting had some impact like students could share information and other important notices. Also it has proved to be a less expensive mode of communication and parents also got to learn from their kids. Whereas there are numerous negative effects like the grammar of the students is affected to a great extent. Also students have started using short forms for words to save space and time. Another big risk is Morphing and sending unwanted pictures of girls which leads to big scandals.It has even lead to bad psychological impact on students. Irrespective of above mentioned effects students find it very important these days to hav e a cell phone and to them it is more of a blessing then a curse. Bibliography 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Teen_Age_Message 2. http://www. academia. edu/1156350/Text_Messaging_and_Teenagers_A_Review_of_the_Literature 3. http://www. studymode. com/subjects/literature-review-on-the-effect-of-text-messaging-on-literacy-skill-page1. html 4. C. R. Kothari Research methodology Methods and Techniques 2nd edition, New age international publishers.